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Tag: "neurons" at biology news

Free radical cell death switch identified

...for the damage that oxidative stress is causing to neurons and other types of cells over time. Humans and ot...e of investigating the mechanisms of cell death in neurons from rat brain, the team focused their attention on the function of a protein called MST, which had ...

Mutant mice show key autism traits

...ock out the gene only in mature, or "postmitotic," neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the brai...ice showed the same kind of abnormal overgrowth of neurons and their interconnections seen in some people with ASD that also show increased brain volume and en...

Fly's courtship sheds light on the formation of innate behaviors

...courtship steps, assigning specific populations of neurons to the behaviors involved, and thereby going a long way in describing how the neural code for these behaviors is formulated in the developing fly's brain. This work, in conjunction with other studies performed by these and other research groups in re...

'Smart' genetic therapy helps the body to heal itself

...6,000 newborns. Due to degeneration of the motor neurons in the spinal cord patients develop muscle weakness and atrophy of the legs, arms and trunk. In patients with SMA the survival motor neuron genes (SMN1) is deleted, but they all carry a copy gene (SMN2). However, this only produces about 10% of th...

Nanotubes used for first time to send signals to nerve cells

...a cells commonly used in test-tube experiments and neurons cultured from experimental rats. Both cell types were placed on ten-layer-thick "mats" of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) deposited on transparent plastic. This enabled the researchers to use a microscope to position a tiny electrode next to i...

Dopamine drug leads to new neurons and recovery of function in rat model of Parkinson's

...f the nerve-signaling chemical dopamine causes new neurons to develop in the part of the brain where cells ar...hat affect dopamine D3 receptors might trigger new neurons to grow in humans with the disease. Some of these drugs are commonly used to treat PD. The finding...

Birds going extinct faster due to human activities

... is believed to give rise to a population of early neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, a structure tha...em cells in our brain that can divide and make new neurons for maintenance," said Gordon Fishell, Ph.D., a professor of cell biology with the Skirball Institut...

Medium is the message for stem cells in search of identities

... is believed to give rise to a population of early neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, a structure tha...em cells in our brain that can divide and make new neurons for maintenance," said Gordon Fishell, Ph.D., a professor of cell biology with the Skirball Institut...

Variations in detoxifying genes linked to Lou Gehrig's disease

... a complex neurodegenerative disorder of the motor neurons that results in muscle weakness, difficulty speaking, swallowing and breathing and eventual total paralysis and death generally within five years. In 1993 Siddique and collaborators determined that mutations in a gene known as SOD1 account for 20 ...

Mechanism for neurodenegerative diseases linked to transport proteins

...n the cell. This transport system is critical in neurons because these cells can be as much as three feet l...wn in fast axonal transport would selectively kill neurons because neurons are especially dependent on the transport system," Brady said. Kennedy disease is a...

The brain, traffic and nano-circuits -- e-Science takes on major challenges

...hniques to unravel the processes within individual neurons (brain or nerve cells) or the interactions between networks of neurons that lead to thoughts and behaviour. The techniques are time-consuming, difficult and expensive, but...

New research promising for improving brain cell survival after brain injury

...te have found a protein in the brain that can save neurons from dying after experiencing traumatic brain inju...5's pattern of expression indicates that it allows neurons to survive in a stressed environment," Prof Tan said. "We have tested this hypothesis in mice by ...

A sweet solution for Alzheimer's disease?

...fibrillary tangles. The brain becomes inflamed and neurons atrophy and die. It's not completely clear what kind of amyloid â peptide (monomers, oligomeric aggregates, or fibrillar aggregates) is responsible for the onset of disease, said St George-Hyslop of the University of Toronto. "Because we were able to...

Prozac's target revealed

... the factors that control how, when, and where new neurons are generated from stem cells in the brain. Such w...the symptoms of depression by somehow causing more neurons to be present in a particular region of the brain (the "dentate gyrus"). But the origins of these ne...

Snakes' virtual glasses, leopard spots and all-optical transistors

... the solution to the paradox could be a network of neurons in the snakes' brains –a kind of snake brain firmware - that provides image enhancement as though the snakes were wearing virtual corrective lenses. Because snakes' brains are small, the physicists kept their model of an image enhancing network simpl...

Brain-computer link lets paralyzed patients convert thoughts into actions

... spiking, the language of the brain -- from nearby neurons and transmit them through thin gold wires to a tit... meaningful action, however, is not simple. Active neurons fire between 20 and 200 times a second and they work in teams. Although scientists have long been...

New compound reduces stroke damage

...compound that dramatically decreases the damage to neurons in rats demonstrating stroke symptoms. The researc...gues found that their compound protected the rats' neurons and also caused neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Diseased animals with m...

Neural stem cell gene plays crucial role in eye development

...etinal neural stem cells differentiate to form the neurons of the adult eye and form the optic nerve. Led b...al stem cell pool to aberrantly differentiate into neurons during development," Pevny said. "This disrupts the normal maintenance of the stem cell pool in the ...

Dissecting the machinery of nicotine's reward

...es revealed key details of how nicotine stimulates neurons that are an integral part of the reward circuitry....cetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)--on the surface of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. Such "dopaminergic" neurons are known to be central to t...

New roles for growth factors: Enticing nerve cells to muscles

... molecule that guides a specific subgroup of motor neurons to connect to the muscles that line our spine and ...e cells are established embryonically when newborn neurons extend axons to "wire" the appropriate muscle fiber. The wiring process is highly orchestrated –eac...

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