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Tag: "neurons" at biology news

On the golf tee or pitcher's mound, brain dooms motion to inconsistency

...searchers would monitor the activity of individual neurons in the premotor cortex, a part of the brain responsible for movement planning, while the monkeys were planning their reaches. Then the researchers would record the speed of the resulting motion. Over a series of thousands of trials, the researchers...

New neurons could act to alleviate epilepsy

The new neurons generated as a result of neural damage due to epil...em Cell Center described studies in rats examining neurons generated after an epileptic event has been triggered in the animals. In their experiments, the r...

Mayo Clinic study suggests that a central nervous system viral infection can lead to memory deficits

...em, Dr. Howe says. In general, viruses that kill neurons in the hippocampus are not uncommon. For example infections caused by the herpes virus or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to the loss of brain cells, but while brain damage from these viruses is based on a persistent infection, brain dama...

Study offers window into human behavior, brain disease

...rmined that the brain regions in which von Economo neurons arise -- the anterior cingulate and frontoinsular ...rising discovery that, among primates, von Economo neurons were seen only in great apes and humans. In the current study, the UCSF team set out to explore...

Ecstasy can harm the brains of first-time users

... taken the drug at least once. Ecstasy targets neurons in the brain that use the chemical serotonin to co...at long-term or heavy ecstasy use can damage these neurons and cause depression, anxiety, confusion, difficulty sleeping and decrease in memory. However, no pr...

Complexity constrains evolution of human brain genes

...greater in humans. "On the basis of individual neurons of the brain, humans may indeed have a far more active, or even more complex, transcription profile than chimpanzee," the authors note. "We suggest that such abundant and complex transcription may increase gene-gene interactions and constrains coding...

Researchers add to understanding of how brain cells communicate

...your brain called NMDA receptors, which allow your neurons to communicate with each other. Jon W. Johnson, University of Pittsburgh associate professor of neuroscience, and former Pitt graduate student Anqi Qian, now of Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, have discovered how different types of NMDA (N-meth...

MIT creates 3-D scaffold for growing stem cells

...d in regenerative medicine, such as skin grafts or neurons to replace brain cells lost to injury or disease. The scaffold itself can be transplanted directly into the body with no ill effects. "The time has come to move on from two-dimensional dishes to culture systems that better represent the natural c...

How many genes does it take to learn? Lessons from sea slugs

...le nervous system - Aplysia has about 10,000 large neurons that can be easily identified, compared with about one hundred billion neurons in humans - the animal is capable of learning and its brain cells communicate in many ways identical...

Cell wall of pneumonia bacteria can cause brain and heart damage

... pneumoniae that escape from the bloodstream enter neurons (brain cells). In a previous report published in t...at in the mouse model, cell wall fragments damaged neurons in the part of the brain called the hippocampus. Tuomanen is senior author of both reports. In the...

Protein shown to rally biological clock

...ighly synchronized. The SCN is composed of 10,000 neurons on one side of the hypothalamus, and 10,000 on the other. Together these neurons are intrinsic clocks in communication with each other to keep 24-hour time. It had been thought t...

Scientists identify 36 genes, 100 neuropeptides in honey bee brains

... in their human counterparts. There are a million neurons in the brain of a honey bee (Apis mellifera), a br... the end of this sentence. The activities of these neurons are influenced by the sea of peptides they are bathed in. "Neuropeptides undoubtedly play a role i...

Striking the right balance between excitation and inhibition

...in and spinal cord come in two flavors, excitatory neurons that transmit and amplify signals, and inhibitory neurons that inhibit and refine those signals. Although investigators have long appreciated that these two ...

New mechanism explains glucose effect on wakefulness

...is colleagues have pinpointed how glucose inhibits neurons that are key to regulating wakefulness. In the pro...ose inhibits a particular class of glucose-sensing neurons that produce tiny proteins called orexins, which are central regulators of states of consciousness. ...

UWM brain research supports drug development from jellyfish protein

...er. Calcium is necessary for communication between neurons in the brain, and learning and memory are not poss...impaired, it already shows a drop in the number of neurons that contain an important calcium-binding protein. "That cellular changes precede memory deficits...

Eat less, weigh more? Enzyme makes lean mice 'susceptible' to dietary fat

...hing, the brain is very specialized and only a few neurons do very specific things," says Lane. The researchers hope to further understand how malonyl-CoA and CPT1c function to control body weight and appetite....

Test reveals effectiveness of potential Huntington's disease drugs

...previously demonstrated that Huntington's striatal neurons are oversensitive to glutamate, a compound that ne...ern study, the researchers cultured striatal spiny neurons from the brains of mice genetically engineered to express the mutant human Huntington gene. As predi...

Tastes great! Study shows brain's response to pleasing -- and changing -- tastes

...denly became pleasurable, and when we did that the neurons we were studying switched their response," says se...de for pleasure," says Berridge. "The faster these neurons fire, the more pleasant the taste seems to become. The hardest test for a pleasure code is whether t...

Leptin has powerful effect on reward center in the brain

...ignaling, via its receptor, occurs in the dopamine neurons in the VTA and that it results in decreased activi...ected activity in the VTA, which contains dopamine neurons that are important in modulating motivated behavior, addiction and reward. Reducing the function o...

Why we could all do with a siesta

...has shown exactly how glucose blocks or 'inhibits' neurons that make orexins ?tiny proteins that are vital fo...ways has adequate glucose." Malfunction of orexin neurons can lead to narcolepsy, where sufferers cannot stay awake, and obesity; there is also evidence that ...

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