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Tag: "neurons" at biology news

How appetite-stimulating brain cells work overtime during fasting

...complex series of molecular events that keep those neurons active. The researchers revealed a link between ...sts the number of power-generating mitochondria in neurons that drive hunger. The increase in mitochondria, in turn, allows the brain's hunger center to remain...

Mimicking how the brain recognizes street scenes

...y, the "layers" within the model replicate the way neurons process input and output stimuli ?according to neu...y labs that have measured the tuning properties of neurons throughout visual cortex. By necessity, most of those experiments are made with simplistic artificia...

When your brain talks, your muscles don't always listen

Have your neurons been shouting at your muscles again? It happens, y...s." Shedding light on the communication between neurons and muscles, and how it changes as we age, may lie right at our fingertips, according to Knight's re...

Newborn brains grow vision and movement regions first

...sue called gray matter, which contains most of the neurons or nerve cells, grew much more robustly than anoth...tter, which contains the connecting fibers between neurons in different brain regions. Gray matter size grew by roughly 40 percent in the first months after bi...

Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff

...ed two different types of stimulation on olfactory neurons in mice: chemical stimuli, such as those used in m...tion in the olfactory neurons, the primary sensory neurons in the nose that perceive odors. Researchers then puffed a solution without the chemical stimuli in...

Scientists clone mice from adult skin stem cells

...in the laboratory to enable scientists to generate neurons and study the neurodegenerative process. ...

Is there a pilot in the insect?

...rom their facetted eyes travel through specialized neurons to stimulate the wing muscles, which let the insec...t their flight and avoid crashes. Could these same neurons be used in a sort of "automatic pilot"? This is what Nicolas Franceschini, Franck Ruffier and Julien...

Using brain scans, researchers find evidence for a two-stage model of human perceptual learning

..." They describe it as a complex interplay between neurons that process stimulus shape ("bottom-up") and more... an area in lateral occipital cortex, but that now neurons in that area appeared to be finely tuned to small car shape differences. In a third scan, the in...

Bioluminescence at the service of a novel cerebral imaging technique

... real-time and in-vivo, in either a small group of neurons or in the brain as a whole. Participating in the... imaging technique, it has been possible to record neurons in the ellipsoid body, a structure involved in regulating locomotor activity. This structure is de...

Carnegie Mellon University research shows how sensory-deprived brain compensates

...er could not only stimulate a predicted cluster of neurons inside the brain; it could also activate nearby neurons. While some degree of plasticity would be expected, the growth of brain activity seen in the experiments was striking, Barth says. "What this tells us is that the parts of the brain proce...

Prenatal cocaine's lasting cellular effects

...eptors are normally found at the cell surface, but neurons from the cocaine-exposed animals showed the receptor was predominantly sequestered inside the cells. "The fascinating thing is that this effect appears permanent," said Stanwood. This implies that cocaine exposure during a brief, sensitive perio...

Proteins important in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease travel in the slow lane

...makes sense when you think about it ?why would the neurons spend so much energy transporting proteins separately when they’re going to the same place anyway, like car pooling" speculates Roy. "Our study reveals novel aspects of axonal transport of an important class of proteins, namely the slow component...

Racing neurons control whether we stop or go

...n from looking at the target. "We knew that the neurons responsible for the ‘go?and ‘stop?actions were loc...ears, one group of researchers was looking at what neurons are doing, and a different group of researchers was looking at what people are doing," Palmeri, asso...

Erectile dysfunction in diabetes is due to selective defect in the brain

...nthetic enzyme for the production of NO within the neurons of the PVN. Restoring this synthetic enzyme may have a significant therapeutic value for diabetic patients with ED. ...

How genetic malfunction causes a form of retardation

...g differentiation of immature precursor cells into neurons and glial cells. Unlike neurons, which conduct ner...es, glial cells are supporting cells that surround neurons and insulate them from one another. In experiments with cultured precursor cells, the researchers...

Stem cells decrease ischemic injury and restore brain function

...posed in past studies, for stem cells to turn into neurons in order to protect the brain from ischemic injury and restore brain functions. Their presence in brain tissue is sufficient to induce a protective reaction." Various cells are involved in this reaction, among which the microglia, which has always...

Researchers hot on the trail of brain cell degeneration

...ience. In a number of neurodegenerative diseases, neurons in the brain are over-stimulated, which triggers p...ation, also plays a key role in the destruction of neurons in disease. "These surprising findings add an entire pathway to the map of neurodegenerative sign...

Cancer researchers add spice to research against rare neuromuscular disease

...asis of Kennedy's disease, which affects the motor neurons that go from the spine to certain muscles, causing...to work by breaking up a sort of molecular clog in neurons affected by Kennedy disease. The biology of the disease is bit like Huntington's disease, a more com...

The origin of the brain lies in a worm

...ypes with similar molecular fingerprints and these neurons also go on to form the same neural structures in annelid worm and vertebrate." "Such a complex arrangement caould not have been invented twice throughout evolution, it must be the same system," adds Gáspár Jékely, a researcher from Arendt's lab, w...

Studies yield insight into the numerical brain

...ng to symbols by physically linking populations of neurons sensitive to symbol shapes to preexisting neural p...l lobe, showing that this region appears to harbor neurons that process nonabstract numerical representations, in addition to neurons that code for abstract re...

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