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Tag: "neuronal" at biology news

Endocannabinoids ?the brain's cannabis ?demonstrate novel modes of action to stress

... a balanced input can produce sustained changes in neuronal activity without damage to neuronal homeostasis. "Our next step is to investigate cannabinoids' effects in various stress conditions," ...

New clue to cocaine addicts' quirky behavior

...d that the cocaine induced abnormal enhancement of neuronal connections--a phenomenon called long-term potentiation (LTP). The researchers also performed behavioral studies on the cocaine-sensitized rats, to explore the behavioral effects of this disruption. In these studies, they placed the rats in a plus-s...

Mosaic mouse technique offers a powerful new tool to study diseases and genetics

...s that underlie the dynamic properties of specific neuronal populations." MADM also could prove important for analysis of complex developmental or degenerative diseases resulting from genetic mutations, they added. In light of its potential commercial applications, Luo has begun the process of licensing MADM...

Researchers discover stem cell 'guide' that may be key for targeting neural stem cell treatments

...ich direct the movement of neurons are crucial for neuronal replacement, and they demonstrate how adult stem cells might be manipulated for this process." PK2 accomplishes this task by working with its corresponding cell receptors, which are part of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. GPCRs are pro...

Stem cell treatment improves mobility after spinal cord injury

... oligodendrocyte cells and migrated to appropriate neuronal sites within the spinal cord. In the rats treated seven days after the injury, myelin tissue formed as the oligodendrocyte cells wrapped around damaged neurons in the spinal cord. Within two months, these rats began to show significant improvements ...

Researchers Closer To Helping Hearing-Impaired Using Stem Cells

...w stromal cells could be induced to transform into neuronal cells, but it wasn’t clear whether, or how, the cells could be further transformed into useful specialized neurons. In a two-step process, Dr. Hashino and her colleagues first cultivated mouse marrow stromal cells with chemicals known to encourage s...

U. Iowa researchers improve Huntington's disease symptoms in mice

...s toxic to certain brain cells, and the subsequent neuronal damage leads to the movement disorders, psychiatric disturbances and cognitive decline that characterize this disease. "Many of the current approaches aimed at treating HD are indirect and target the symptoms of the disease. RNA interference gives u...

Gene keeps neural cells on correct developmental path

...uniquely lack a protein that permanently turns off neuronal genes in the rest of the body's cells. Now, it tu...sues, such as skin, where you don't dare express a neuronal gene. But it also allows the full elaboration of the neuronal phenotype from the precursor cell." L...

Researchers make surprise discovery that some neurons can transmit three signals at once

...ing to assemble into specific brain structures and neuronal networks. It has long been known that a specific receptor for glutamate, the NMDA receptor, plays a crucial role in these processes, but how inhibitory synapses, which account for about half of the brain's cellular connections, would gain access to t...

One gene links newborn neurons with those that die in diseases such as Alzheimer's

... of UCHL1 may be associated with a reduced risk of neuronal death," says Nottebohm. "This study draws attention to the replaceable neurons of adult brain as a wonderful model system in which to study changes in genomic expression related to learning, aging and neurodegeneration, in addition to those that are ...

Genpathway and Baylor College of Medicine Identify New Genes in Breast Cancer

...the olfactory bulb, called glomeruli, each receive neuronal input from only one type of odorant receptor. Earlier studies of the olfactory cortex by Buck's group indicated that in contrast to the straightforward mapping of inputs from odorant receptors onto the glomeruli, however, the mapping of odorant rece...

Decoding the logic of olfaction

...the olfactory bulb, called glomeruli, each receive neuronal input from only one type of odorant receptor. Earlier studies of the olfactory cortex by Buck's group indicated that in contrast to the straightforward mapping of inputs from odorant receptors onto the glomeruli, however, the mapping of odorant rece...

Brain-injury rehabilitation depends on acetylcholine circuitry

...ative training to reorganize itself. "Identifying neuronal mechanisms underlying the reorganization of cortical representations will likely be an important precursor for designing therapeutic strategies to enhance functional recovery following nervous system injury," the researchers wrote. "The present study...

UCSD-Salk Team Show Protein’s Gene-Silencing Role In Development of Nervous System

... neural stem cells and for silencing expression of neuronal genes in non-nervous system tissues. Published in...y. In their “on?position, the phosphatases prevent neuronal genes from being expressed in areas of the body, such as the heart and liver, where they shouldn’t b...

New component of the 'brakes' on nerve regeneration found

...nery, adding to understanding of the regulation of neuronal regeneration and of possible treatments to switch off the brakes on regrowth of spinal cord or brain tissue. The two groups--one group led by Jong Bae Park, Glenn Yiu, and colleagues from Children's Hospital Boston and the other led by Sha Mi and co...

Stem cells from brain transformed to produce insulin at Stanford

...confidence that these cells could become more than neuronal cells," Kim said. Working with the cells in a lab...tep towards that eventual goal. It also hints that neuronal stem cells have many potential uses beyond treating brain disease. He thinks this work has addition...

Wiley announces publication of Databasing the Brain

... environments in neuroscience * An analysis of neuronal systems in a quantitative context * Specific applications in neuroscience that reflect present and future information infrastructures "Databasing the Brain" is an invaluable resource for students entering this interdisciplinary area, as well as...

Key Trigger Of Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms Found

...ve discovered an important chemical in the brain's neuronal machinery that triggers some of the withdrawal sym...s neuron activity in this region, which alters the neuronal machinery to compensate for this inhibition. Upon opiate withdrawal, the neurons rebound, becoming h...

NJIT Presidential Award winner takes stem cell research another step

...tem cells, might also repair cartilage, tendon and neuronal tissues. Her studies could lead to medical breakthroughs that would help a host of patients. Stem cell implantation could help cancer patients who've had large tumors removed from bone, Arinzeh says. In many such surgeries, patients lose their limbs...

Alcohol's effects on gene expression in the central nervous system

...ermine changes in gene expression in very discrete neuronal pathways that may be involved in mediating the effects of alcohol that lead to addiction," he said. "Future studies will also require the integrative efforts of many investigators working with different animal models in order to identify the multiple...

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