neuronal 2 6

Tag: "neuronal" at biology news

Telling axons where to go - and grow

... morphology, cell motility, and the development of neuronal projections. Changes in LIMK1 concentration have an impact in neuronal growth cone actin dynamics and axon formation. The authors focus on the RING finger protein Rnf6 d...

Team led by Carnegie Mellon University scientist finds first evidence of a living memory trace

...nd create a matrix of the extent (or amplitude) of neuronal excitation and inhibition within glomeruli. He retrieved a spatial pattern of synchronized, correlated activity ?the memory trace ?from what appeared to be random fluctuations of neural activity. "The trace is like a fingerprint that disappears over...

Penn study finds direct role for glial cells in brain cross-talk

...transmission of nerve impulses. The modulation of neuronal activity through the regulation of the level of adenosine in the synapse may explain the nature of wake-to-sleep transitions during periods of drowsiness. "The next step is to study the behavior of these mice during manipulation of adenosine levels ...

MIT researcher finds neuron growth in adult brain

...e new imaging technology that allows monitoring of neuronal structural dynamics in the living brain, they found evidence for adult neuronal restructuring in the less-known, less-accessible inhibitory interneurons. "Maybe the inhibitory net...

Molecular cabal contributes to stroke damage

... molecular mechanism linking two key components of neuronal damage due to oxygen starvation, or ischemia. One ... released during ischemia. The other component of neuronal damage that they studied is an "acid-sensing ion channel," (ASIC)--basically, a pore-like protein in...

Brains response to visual stimuli helps us to focus on what we should see, rather than all there is to see

... or a positive feedback of chemical signals across neuronal synapses would result in a myriad of disorders, including epilepsy. They simultaneously measured activity in both a specific type of inhibitory neuron, called fast-spiking, and a neighboring excitatory neuron. They then stimulated one or the other n...

Cracking the perception code

...s been tricky to tease out "which component of the neuronal activity was more likely associated with behaviora...n might be encoded in the time between consecutive neuronal firings, the overall rate of firing, or the number of times a neuron fires. To distinguish among th...

Amphetamines reverse Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice

...tly provide evidence that drug activation of other neuronal pathways may be sufficient to restore movement even in the virtual absence of dopamine neurotransmission," she added. Amphetamines might reverse the animal's symptoms through their effects on a different group of receptors called trace amine recepto...

Grasshopper love songs give insight into sensory tuning

...hey then analyzed how this measure compared to the neuronal response to natural sounds--including environmental sounds like the rustling of grass and insect communication signals such as grasshopper or cricket mating calls. They found that the OSEs of the receptors particularly matched characteristic feature...

What Makes The Brain Tick, Tick, Tick: Researchers Gaining New Insights Into Brain's Internal Clock

...been implicated as a key signaling molecule in the neuronal circuitry of the timing machinery. "When Parkinson's patients are on their medication, they time quite normally," said Meck. "But as their medication wears off, we can see their clock slow down by recording their brain signals." Said Meck of their ...

Discarded placentas deliver researchers promising cells similar to embryonic stem cells

... to become liver cells, heart cells, the glial and neuronal cells that make up the nervous system, and pancreatic cells with genetic markers for insulin and glycogen production. "In this first paper we sought to determine if amniotic epithelial cells have the potential to differentiate into many different ce...

Flies on speed offer insight into the roles of dopamine in sleep and arousal

...of these brain functions involve the modulation of neuronal activity and the ability to assign proper saliency (or relevance) to sensory stimuli. ...

Nanoscale method for investigating living systems

...cules to applications such as tracking devices for neuronal receptors and as interfaces between nerve cells. Researchers have labeled the dots with isotopes, injected them into mice and then tracked them with tomography. The Wisconsin engineering team set out to use optical tagging or labeling of membrane po...

Brain size may depend upon how neural cells are cleaved

...ns as a result of both daughter cells adopting the neuronal fate. Thus, the researchers concluded that Gβγ does control the orientation of cleavage and the identity of the daughter cells -- whether they will become neurons or progenitor cells. Sanada and Tsai also sought to determine how Gβγ is regulated. St...

The synapse is a shotgun

... comes to firing the neurotransmitters involved in neuronal communication. The textbook view of the synapse describes it as a place where rifle-like volleys of neurotransmitter are launched from one defined region of the sending neuron to another defined target on the receiving neuron. In contrast, the new d...

'Shifty-eyed' Monkeys Offer Window Into Brain's Social Reflexes

...standing of how this response is accomplished at a neuronal level, you need an animal model that you can manipulate physiologically,' said Platt. 'This is the first time it has been shown that such a cognitive ability corresponds so exquisitely in humans and monkeys.' Besides offering a basic understanding of...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...ain, and can also cause shrinkage or retraction of neuronal dendrites; however, the damage appears to be at least partially reversible with abstinence. "The aim of this symposium was to bring together scientists from different disciplines to compare results from human and animal studies of the effects of alc...

Gap-climbing fruit flies reveal components of goal-driven behaviors

...e. Studying the underlying control principles and neuronal circuits in invertebrates rather than in mice or cats involves fewer ethical problems and is less-expensive research. Using noninvasive neurogenetic techniques for the analysis of the underlying motor-control system, Pick and Strauss showed that in ...

Gambling monkeys give insight into neural machinery of risk

... of that target," he said. Further analysis of the neuronal activity indicated that, indeed, the neurons were reflecting the risk value the monkeys placed on the target, rather than an after-the-fact response to the payoff. While Platt and McCoy believed they have isolated one component of the neural machine...

'Jumping genes' contribute to the uniqueness of individual brains

...ment, a so-called LINE-1 or L1 element in cultured neuronal precursor cells from rats. Then they introduced it...erve cells. The Salk team found insertions only in neuronal precursor cells that had already made their initial commitment to becoming a neuron. Other cell type...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8