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Tag: "neuronal" at biology news

Brain's own cannabis compound protects against inflammation

...d after brain injury and are believed to alleviate neuronal damage. However, scientists have not understood ho...e system is distinct from cannabinoids' effects on neuronal signaling that produce the behavioral effects of marijuana. When Ullrich and colleagues analyzed br...

Chemical signaling helps regulate sensory map formation in the brain

...of Chicago. Neurobiologists refer to this type of neuronal connection ?in which the spatial order of neurons of one part of the nervous system is "copied" onto another -- as "topographic mapping." The term describes the creation of a coordinated connection that allows positional information from a grid of se...

Hap1 protein links circulating insulin to brain circuits that regulate feeding behavior in mice

...ted molecules such as insulin, and to hypothalamic neuronal function," said Xiao-Jiang Li, PhD, professor of human genetics at Emory University School of Medicine and senior author of the study. "GABA is known to have a stimulating effect on feeding behavior. Because insulin decreases Hap1 levels, and reduc...

Nobelist discovers antidepressant protein in mouse brain

...edicine for discoveries about the workings of such neuronal signaling systems. He and his colleagues found that p11 appears to help regulate signaling of the brain messenger chemical serotonin, a key target of antidepressants, which has been implicated in psychiatric illnesses such as depression and anxiety d...

Growth factor-promoting angiogenesis expressed in tumor cells and normal neurons

...n of SCF as a rational target for gliomas. "Normal neuronal expression of SCF in response to traumatic brain injury also raises the disturbing possibility that standard invasive procedures such as surgical biopsies or partial tumor resections may be inducing a proangiogenic response, or trigger, within the br...

Fruit fly reveals a potential connection between dementia and cancer

...chers have demonstrated an intriguing link between neuronal death and proteins previously associated with canc... unclear whether such cell-division proteins cause neuronal death, protect neurons from death, or are irrelevant. In the present work, the researchers used a f...

Molecular mechanism may explain how fevers spark seizures

... gamma subunits were not as good at getting to the neuronal cell surface, and Kang wondered what would happen to these receptors when they were exposed to high temperatures. She raised the temperature of cells expressing the mutant receptors to 40 degrees Celsius, simulating a "fever" of 104 degrees Fahrenhei...

Watching the brain switch off 'self'

...is that, during intense perceptual engagement, all neuronal resources are focused on sensory cortex, and the d..., the term "losing yourself" receives here a clear neuronal correlate. This theme has a tantalizing echoing in Eastern philosophies such as Zen teachings, which...

A new focus for the mechanism of nerve growth

...o prevent actin buildup that could actually impede neuronal advance." Forscher likened actin networks in the growth cone to a molecular treadmill that is constantly being assembled at the leading edge and moved rearward, powered by a myosin II motor located at its back end. But, the networks making up this a...

Aggression-related gene weakens brain's impulse control circuits

...reflect deficient pruning ?the withering of unused neuronal connections as the brain matures and becomes more efficient, speculates Meyer-Lindenberg. The researchers then looked at effects on brain activity using functional MRI (fMRI) scans. While performing a task matching emotionally evocative pictures ?...

Engineered mouse mimics cognitive aspects of schizophrenia

...of schizophrenia have significant limitations. The neuronal circuits affected in people are more complex than the analogous circuits in rodents. In particular, the relative size of the prefrontal cortex that is involved in the cognitive deficits is much smaller in rodents than in primates. Some of the cogniti...

How taste response is hard-wired into the brain

...ng through tiny windows in the fly brains to watch neuronal response when they exposed the flies to sweet or bitter chemicals They found that a whole range of sweet substances selectively switched-on the Gr5a neurons, while a range of bitter substances switched-on the Gr66a neurons. However, the "sweet neuro...

New compound stops brain cell degeneration in Alzheimer's disease

... Alzheimer's disease, including neuroinflammation, neuronal and synaptic degeneration and behavioral deficits....ators in the field has linked plaques, tangles and neuronal injury to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline, the direct linkage of glia to these processes ...

Neurons find their place in the developing nervous system with the help of a sticky molecule

... Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory put it, "proper neuronal positioning is essential for development of approp... cells, and it was subsequently inherited by their neuronal progeny that form layer 2/3 and blocked their ability to make MDGA1 protein. When Takeuchi and O'...

Scientists crack code for motor neuron wiring

...mber of Hox proteins, and their capacity to direct neuronal differentiation, suggests that they may also impart identity to the interneurons that enable them to connect selectively with motor neurons. And, aspects of the code could also give identity to sensory neurons, enabling their connections with motor n...

How the neuron sprouts its branches

...e the brain's circuitry. Such basic insights into neuronal growth will help researchers better understand bra...ent in children, as well as aid efforts to restore neuronal connections lost to injury, stroke or neurodegenerative disease, said the researchers. In a paper p...

RNA splicing occurs in nerve-cell dendrites

... by the axons of other neurons. The synapse is the neuronal structure where this chemical connection is formed, and investigators surmise that the synapse is where learning and memory occur. Researchers have long agreed that mRNA splicing takes place within the cell nucleus. In the nucleus of a mammalian ce...

OHSU discovery sheds light into how stem cells become brain cells

...sible to correctly time the expression of brg-1 in neuronal stem cells either in a culture dish or in the brain to replace the lost dopamine-producing cells. Another possibility would be the replacement of lost or damaged motor neurons in patients who have suffered brain or spinal cord damage. This research...

Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction

... could not specifically identify the connection of neuronal subsets, they ended up tracing the routes of groups of undefined neuronal populations clustered around LHRH producing neurons, Dulac said. In the experiments reported in Cel...

Finding the mind's eye

...and his team, "looked for areas of the brain where neuronal activity decreased when the object was made invisible. These areas are arguably the areas of the brain where the correlates of visual consciousness lie." Tse's findings may advance the understanding of the brain's interaction with the eye by identif...

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