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Tag: "neuronal" at biology news

Taking the wrinkles out of motoneuronal disease

...s to understand the molecular mechanism underlying neuronal communication. The legacy of millions of years of ...resulted in deadly neurotoxins capable of blocking neuronal communication. I am using our knowledge of the mode of action of these neurotoxins to design a selec...

Infected for life

...infected cell. Latent HSV-1 infections form in neuronal cells of the peripheral nervous system. When a lat...re formed. These virus particles migrate along the neuronal axons to the epithelial cells of the skin. Viral growth in the skin, or other mucous membranes where...

Brain-computer link lets paralyzed patients convert thoughts into actions

...ents in the Donoghue lab were slowly able to match neuronal signal patterns with specific arm movements. In 20...algorithms to help the computer keep pace with the neuronal inputs, and a more portable wireless system. The researchers are also looking at new applications, s...

New compound reduces stroke damage

...a receptor called FKBP38. "High FKBP38 activity in neuronal cells triggers mechanisms leading to programmed ce...and also caused neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Diseased animals with motor behavior deficits also showed improvement when they wer...

Dissecting the machinery of nicotine's reward

...g. However, mice lacking the a7 subunit did show a neuronal response to nicotine, although it was not the same...al area; VTA) was sufficient to restore the normal neuronal nicotine response. A prior study also showed that mice lacking the ß2 subunit also showed reduced ex...

New roles for growth factors: Enticing nerve cells to muscles

...t the developing nervous system establishes proper neuronal connections." Understanding how axons find their destinations may help restore movement in people following spinal cord injury, or those with motor neuron diseases such as Lou Gehrig's disease, spinal muscle atrophy, and post-polio syndrome. Failur...

Natural vitamin E tocotrienol reaches blood at protective levels

...steic acid, which in excess can cause vascular and neuronal lesions associated with cardiovascular disease, and the fatty acid linoleic acid, which can directly stimulate damaging free radical activity. Fatty acids are related to stroke: They rapidly accumulate when a clot in a vessel stops blood flow to the ...

Think fast! Rice undergrad unlocks nerve speed secret

...t opens the door for neurotransmitter to leave the neuronal cell ?was inhibited by complexin. "By halting fusion partway, complexin essentially shortens the response time for signal transmission," said Schaub, who will begin graduate school at Stanford University in the fall. "The nerve cell can almost inst...

Protein connections: A network to understand disease

...d, could be extremely important in insuring normal neuronal function. "When you step back, you realize this is applicable to any human disease," she said. "You start with a handful of genes you know cause disease and then go find their partners, and then their partners and then build a network that will inc...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...s could have such a devastating result in terms of neuronal survival. Nobody I know of has put forth such a mechanism for human neurological disease." Ackerman speculates that human disease could arise when a mild inherited defect in a tRNA synthetase led to a subtle increase in malformed proteins, which c...

Septum keeps neurons in synch, can reduce epileptic seizures by 90 percent

...g the neurons firing normally, the septum inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability, such as epilepsy, and hypoexcitablity, such as Alzheimer's disease." In addition, septal impulses may help to maintain the anatomical integrity of other brain structures. Neurons talk The brain's neurons are constantly chattin...

Survivors of childhood polio do well decades later as they age

...ness and their actual measurements of strength and neuronal loss likely is due to increased sensitivity due to their disease experiences, according to Dr. Sorenson. "Patients feel their weakness progressing, but when you measure it, it's very modest," he says. "Likely, they lost so much strength at the time...

Long-term changes in experience cause neurons to sprout new long-lasting connections

...essing input from whiskers. To monitor changes in neuronal structure visually, the researchers used a novel t...re doing is reaching out and probing for potential neuronal partners. And while most of them retract, with novel sensory experience some populations of these ne...

Device effective in zapping the pain out of migraines

...r, in the late 1990s it was instead suggested that neuronal electrical hyper excitability resulted in a throbbing headache. This new understanding of the migraine mechanism has assisted with the development of the TMS device. ...

Nanowire arrays can detect signals along individual neurons

...id-state device -- a nanowire transistor -- to the neuronal projections that interconnect and carry informatio... can detect, stimulate, and inhibit propagation of neuronal signals with a spa-tial resolution unmatched by existing techniques." Electrophysiological measure...

Neuronal cell cultures kept on the straight and narrow

...ble new, fundamental insights into the behavior of neuronal cells. Culturing particular types of cells in iso...vices. There are usually far more glial cells than neuronal cells, which makes it hard to image neuronal cells and measure their activity against the glial back...

Ritalin packs punch by elevating norepinephrine, suppressing nerve signal transmissions

... increase in norepinephrine and suppression of the neuronal response in this sensory pathway of the brain. "Me.... Suppressed the long latency phase of the brain's neuronal response to whisker-related sensory stimuli. Suppression of the sensory neuronal response in this wa...

Experimental drug reverses key cognitive deficits, pathology in Alzheimer's

...early stages of AD. Receptors are proteins on the neuronal surface that are triggered by the chemical signals called neurotransmitters. This triggering initiates such cellular responses as the wave of electrical excitation of a nerve impulse. As an animal model of AD, the researchers used a "triple knockou...

Hopkins study suggests commercially available antibiotic may help fight dementia in HIV patients

...n neurons (the synapse), thereby preventing excess neuronal excitation, which in turn can cause cell death and...imulator of EAAT-2 expression and protects against neuronal injury in mice with nervous system disorders. To test ceftriaxone's potential in HIV, Rumbaugh and c...

Is the brain wired for faces?

...using a computational model to quantitatively link neuronal processing, brain imaging and behavior, we now have a mechanistic model describing which neurons are involved and how they are behaving when we look at faces." Other authors on the paper include Xiong Jiang, PhD, Ezra Rosen, John VanMeter, PhD, and ...

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