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Tag: "neuronal" at biology news

Hormone linked to brain's cravings for food and other energy sources

...l directly in the VTA region and activate dopamine neuronal activity, which controls reward-associated behavior to promote interest in food as a reward. As a default, ghrelin's action may also alter seeking of drugs and substances that work through the same pathways. "We found that if we selectively block ...

Amateur boxing linked to brain cell injury

...evels of these proteins increase in disorders with neuronal and axonal degeneration and damage, and the increa...t protein and total tau probably reflect damage to neuronal axons from hits to the head during a bout." They also had elevated levels of glial fibrillary acidi...

Most important actors in the growth process of neurons identified

...l growth turns out to be completely independent of neuronal activity. This finding brings greater clarity to t... constitutes a major step forward in understanding neuronal disorders. Given that this research can raise a lot of questions for patients, we ask you to plea...

New mechanism underlying pain found

... research is that we can inhibit the inappropriate neuronal activity and resulting sensitivity that follows nerve injury," said Alan Wickenden, Ph.D., Research Fellow in the Pain and Related Disorders Team at J&JPRD. "Trauma to nerves and the tissues that surround them seems to trigger a complicated casca...

A natural chemical found in strawberries boosts memory in healthy mice

...of healthy mice. Thus the ultimate goal is to stop neuronal loss. Nevertheless, memory-enhancing drugs can improve Alzheimer's disease symptoms. The observations that fisetin protects and promotes survival of cultured neurons and boosts memory in healthy mice make it a promising candidate for further studi...

Stem cell activity deciphered in the aging brain

...hers attached easy-to-spot fluorescent tags to the neuronal stem cells in the hippocampus in young, middle-aged and old rats. They found that in young rats, the hippocampus contained 50,000 stem cells -- and, significantly, this number did not diminish with aging. This finding, the researchers said, suggest...

Brains can recover from alcoholic damage but patients should stop drinking as soon as possible

... nerve cells are (i.e. it is a metabolic marker of neuronal integrity), while choline provides hints at how cell membranes are being broken down and repaired. In addition, the neuropsychological performance of the patients was tested at the beginning and end of the study, using a specific test (the d2-test...

Parkinson's mutation stunts neurons

...n, they saw a reduction of length and branching of neuronal wiring during brain development. The researchers wrote that their findings offer "a useful animal model for early LRRK2-associated disease." They concluded that their techniques of introducing the mutated gene could lead to a primate model for the...

Zinc plays important role in brain circuitry

To the multitude of substances that regulate neuronal signaling in the brain and spinal cord add a new k...By engineering a mouse with a mutation affecting a neuronal zinc target, researchers have demonstrated a central role for zinc in modulating signaling among the...

Hard-wiring the fruit fly's visual system

...ogy at Baylor College of Medicine, found that this neuronal activity is not required for the formation of the ... region. This is followed by a dynamic phase where neuronal activity refines the visual map. In contrast, in flies the system seems to be completely hard-wired ...

Study offers window into human behavior, brain disease

...re still "kinks" in the genetic programming of the neuronal circuits. "VENs probably help us in some wonderful way, which would explain why natural selection has pushed their rapid evolution in humans," he says. "Still, in the context of FTD, something about VENs makes them vulnerable." Notably, cell-spe...

Smoking changes brain chemistry

...r NAA levels have been implicated as indicators of neuronal or axonal dysfunction." Reduced NAA levels have been reported for a number of psychiatric and mood disorders, including schizophrenia, dementia and bipolar disorder, as well as in cases of substance abuse, particularly alcohol dependence. Chol...

How many genes does it take to learn? Lessons from sea slugs

...g that molecular and genomic events underlying key neuronal functions were developed in early animal ancestors...uite differently. Molecular analyses of Aplysia neuronal genes are shedding light on these elusive processes. In 2000, senior author Eric Kandel, M.D., of Co...

Striking the right balance between excitation and inhibition

...tch that controls the choice between two different neuronal fates, we can now look and see if it is used in similar ways elsewhere to make different kinds of neurons." The neurons in the dorsal spinal cord analyzed by the Goulding lab form a relay station receiving and interpreting sensory signals from the e...

Free radical cell death switch identified

...es in neurons, and may include besides cell death, neuronal dysfunction and neuronal recovery. Since oxidative stress in neurons and other cells in the body contribute to tissue damage...

Fly's courtship sheds light on the formation of innate behaviors

...teractions with other genes, and by the organism's neuronal environments. ...

'Smart' genetic therapy helps the body to heal itself

...ey showed that valproate also raised SMN levels in neuronal tissues such as cultured brain slices derived from epilepsy patients after surgery, as well as motor neuron cultures derived from rat embryos. "The next step was to try this therapy in patients", said Professor Wirth. "In a first pilot trial, we e...

Protein's role in regulating cell death sets direction for cancer research

...situations where this is not desirable, such as in neuronal cells of Alzheimer's or Parkinson's patients, but to promote cell death in cancer cells where this is clearly a very desirable outcome," says lead researcher Peter Greer of two studies appearing in the Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC). Dr. Gr...

Dopamine drug leads to new neurons and recovery of function in rat model of Parkinson's

...eveloped almost 75 percent of the normal number of neuronal connections with other parts of the brain and showed an approximately 80 percent improvement in their movements and a significantly improved ability to retrieve food pellets. These effects lasted for at least 4 months after the treatment ended. "Th...

Bone marrow may restore cells lost in vision diseases

... not involved in the research. "To derive cells of neuronal lineage from cells of bone-marrow lineage is significant, if the finding stands up to the test of time. Compared to RPE transplantation, there are a lot of advantages if someone's own bone marrow could supply the cells, because it's a ready source an...

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