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Tag: "neuronal" at biology news

Using brain scans, researchers find evidence for a two-stage model of human perceptual learning

...nique that made it possible to more directly probe neuronal tuning than in previous studies. Investigators fou...sual skills can be enhanced by directly monitoring neuronal activity. "This could be useful, for instance, to speed up learning to detect targets in unfamiliar ...

Bioluminescence at the service of a novel cerebral imaging technique

...veloped a new technique for the in vivo imaging of neuronal function using bioluminescence, based on a GFP-aeq.... This imaging technique enables the monitoring of neuronal activity (and more specifically, calcium activity), real-time and in-vivo, in either a small group o...

Carnegie Mellon University research shows how sensory-deprived brain compensates

...irs relay sensory input to the brain, which shapes neuronal activity. In a first, studies of this system by Carnegie Mellon scientists show just how well a mouse brain can compensate when limited to sensing the world through one whisker. Published April 4 in the Journal of Neuroscience, the results should hel...

Prenatal cocaine's lasting cellular effects

... level. This change also altered the growth of neuronal processes, suggesting that the altered D1 receptor trafficking may underlie the changes in neuronal architecture and behavior that Stanwood and others have previously observed. What remains to be ...

Studies yield insight into the numerical brain

... their results "advocate the existence of distinct neuronal populations for numbers, which are notation depend...tion type. This result would suggest that distinct neuronal populations for notation exist." This meant that if the brain region was purely representing an abst...

Brain networks strengthened by closing ion channels

...atients to the regulation by an ion channel of PFC neuronal networks," said Arnsten. ...

Conceptualizing a cyborg

... The team is now is the midst of studies measuring neuronal electrical activity across newly engineered nerve bridges and the restoration of motor activity in experimental animals. ...

Experience affects new neuron survival in adult brain; study sheds light on learning, memory

...same environment. To determine if the increase in neuronal activity was due to having the same experience or if any new experience was sufficient to achieve this effect, the researchers exposed mice to the enriched cage first and then a water maze task. While both cases promoted new neuron survival, more ne...

Fish can determine their social rank by observation alone, study finds

...ity that fish brains might contain the rudimentary neuronal circuitry for transitive inference that appeared later in birds and mammals. "Any animal that has evolved a social system that requires combat among males will have some kind of eavesdropping capability allowing them to surreptitiously draw infer...

Drug treatment improves learning in mice with Down syndrome symptoms, Stanford/Packard study shows

...BA. Normal brains maintain a precise ratio between neuronal excitation and inhibition that allows efficient le...ess information. "In general, learning involves neuronal excitation in certain parts of the brain," said Garner. "For example, caffeine, which is a stimulant...

Genes and genius: Researchers confirm association between gene and intelligence

... embedded in DNA, the team zeroed in on CHRM2, the neuronal receptor gene on chromosome 7. The CHRM2 gene activates a multitude of signaling pathways in the brain involved in learning, memory and other higher brain functions. The research team doesn't yet understand how the gene exerts its effects on intellig...

Brain works more chaotically than previously thought

...pses. This concept is the basis of the notion that neuronal information in the brain, somewhat like electricity in a computer, only spreads directionally in the brain, following specific ordered circuits. Too much glutamate is the death of cells There is, however, also an aspect to the research team's...

Decoy pill saves brain cells

...d in the subjects. "We eliminate a big chunk of neuronal death," Baudry said. "I was surprised that this works. It looks like the peptide is almost completely neuroprotective." Baudry, one of USC’s most frequently cited researchers, has been studying calpain and other chemicals in the brain for more tha...

Prion disease treatable if caught early

...Overall, we conclude that the dramatic benefits to neuronal function and survival in prion-infected mice we have shown here support targeting neuronal [prion protein] directly as a therapeutic approach," wrote Mallucci and colleagues. "Our findings...

Growth factor stimulates rapid extension of key motor neurons in brain

...parately from the growth factor's known support of neuronal survival. Tests in living developing mice showed ...step that may someday lead to ways of treating the neuronal degeneration of diseases like ALS, regenerating cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury, and t...

Neuron cell stickiness may hold key to evolution of the human brain

...fied in humans and enriched near genes involved in neuronal cell adhesion. This is the first genome-wide unbi...es with particular functions, they discovered that neuronal cell adhesion was the only biological process displaying a significant excess of accelerated CNSs. T...

Harvard scientists identify compounds that stimulate stem cell growth in the brain

...molecular mechanisms involved when LTB4 stimulates neuronal stem cells. According to the study, cells generated as the result of LTB4 exposure had high levels of LTB4 receptors, whereas the level of LTB4 receptors was considerably lower in similar cells not generated by LTB4 stimulation. The investigators wer...

Researchers identify neurons that assign value during learning

...rm such associative-learning tasks. Because of its neuronal simplicity and the fact that it can be genetically...see whether this principal concept of antagonistic neuronal populations mediating positive or negative values during learning holds true for much more complex m...

Novel pathway regulates timing of brain cell development

...ously unrecognized. ErbB4 signaling also regulates neuronal function and survival, processes that have been implicated in Alzheimer's pathology, the researchers note. "Our findings raise the intriguing possibility that defects in presenilin-mediated erbB4 signaling could be implicated in the early stages of...

Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action

...important brake that regulates the transition from neuronal precursor to mature neuron," explains senior autho...nhibitor would allow us to influence the timing of neuronal differentiation," he adds. A finely tuned network of molecular "on" and "off" switches orchestra...

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