Tag: "nerves" at biology news

Research on Worms Yields Clues on Aging

...ticonvulsants stimulated transmissionof signals in nerves that control body movement.Scientists previously had found genetic mutations in C. elegans thataffect both the nervous system and life span. The researchers usedthese mutant worms to further pin down the mechanism by which theanticonvulsants increase...

Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder

...imes the number ofsmall blood vessels in the optic nerves and chiasm as control mice.Similarly, microglia were also found in the nerve and chiasm of mutantmice prior to tumor formation."In our judgment, the fact that recruitment of new blood vessels andinfiltration of immune system cells occurs before actua...

First 'atlas' of key brain genes could speed research on cancer, neurological diseases

...ing abnormalities in thedevelopment or function of nerves and related structures.Although the gene regulator...ready have homed in on specific TF genesregulating nerves involved in pain sensation, certain brain tumors, andspeech problems caused by abnormally developing...

First real-time view of developing neurons reveals surprises, say Stanford researchers

... Niell immobilized a young fish at an age when the nerves first grow from the eye to reach the brain. Then, with the aid of a 6-foot-long laser and some fancy microscopy, the researchers were able to watch individual neurons as they matured in real time. The pair specifically monitored hundreds of neurons ...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...uals develop Guillain-Barré syndrome, in which the nerves that join the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body are damaged, sometimes permanently. Campylobacteriosis is usually caused by C. jejuni, a spiral-shaped bacterium normally found in cattle, swine, and birds, where it causes no problems. But...

Stem cells from brain transformed to produce insulin at Stanford

...le to transform into brain-related tissues such as nerves and support cells. But a group at the Salk Institute in San Diego recently published a report in which neural stem cells transformed into cells that line blood vessels - a far cry from a neuron. "That work gave us confidence that these cells could be...

New component of the 'brakes' on nerve regeneration found

...urons that prevents regeneration. While peripheral nerves have no such machinery and can readily regenerate, central nervous system (CNS) neurons have their brakes firmly in place and locked. Now, two groups of scientists have independently found a new component of that braking machinery, adding to underst...

Some Brain Cells 'Change Channels' To Fine-tune The Message

...ell's activity level depends on its neighbors, the nerves and other cells that connect to it. Although they don't physically touch, the cell and its neighbor are so close to one another at these connection points, called synapses, that molecules released from one cell travel immediately to the next. These ...

Leprosy microbes lead scientists to immune discovery

...erwhelmed the immune defenses and can spread along nerves throughout the body and may cause blindness. The scientists found DC-SIGN+ macrophages in both types of leprosy infections. The CD1b+ cells were present only in the milder form, indicating a successful battle against the leprosy bacterium. They were...

Brain-injury rehabilitation depends on acetylcholine circuitry

...used a toxin to specifically eliminate cholinergic nerves connecting to the motor and sensory regions of the animals' cortex. The other control group received a sham injection. The researchers then used electrical probes to create small lesions in the rats' brain region responsible for controlling limb move...

Discovery clarifies role of peptide in biological clock

...just above the roof of your mouth where your optic nerves cross. There are roughly 10,000 neurons in this nucleus on either side of your brain. The timekeeping mechanism in these cells depends on daily cycles in gene activity. Herzog found in his latest study that the percentage of rhythmic cells in the mu...

Next Generation Body Scanner Launched By The University Of Manchester

... the body such as individual vessels in the brain, nerves and cartilage. Researchers working in the fields of cancer, stroke and mental illness will be among the first to benefit from the scanner. By studying patients, they will be able to look at the way brain tumours and cancers grow and develop and ho...

Mutation in clams protects against paralytic shellfish poisoning but raises human health risk

...ges a single amino acid in a sodium channel, makes nerves less sensitive to those toxins. The discovery is ...rom an area with no such history. They showed that nerves taken from the two clam populations also function differently, with those from exposed the populatio...

Some Brain Cells Change Channels

...ell's activity level depends on its neighbors, the nerves and other cells that connect to it. Although they don't physically touch, the cell and its neighbor are so close to one another at these connection points, called synapses, that molecules released from one cell travel immediately to the next. These ...

Diabetic nerve therapy shows 'striking' results

...researchers investigating the effect of glucose on nerves believe it is likely to be a combination of factors. Sangamo's Chief Medical Officer, Dr Dale Ando, said: "We have been greatly encouraged by Professor Tomlinson's data and have moved the programme into the clinic. "The first phase of human trials ...

Study shows humans have ability to track odors, much like bloodhounds

...xperiments on five volunteers who had no olfactory nerves and therefore couldn't smell at all, a condition k...s are able to localize odors through the olfactory nerves alone. "One possible objection is that the experimental set-up, with a mask that provides separate ...

New tool reveals secrets of migrating cells

...d are common in many types of tissue, ranging from nerves to lymph nodes. To date, such long-range migrations have been inferred from observations of chemically fixed tissue at different stages of development. "Two-photon imaging is going to change literally forever the way that we do biological science," ...

Gifts from the sea

...oadfish contains a unique set of nerve wiring. The nerves leading to and from the toadfish brain are less ta...in humans and other creatures that must cram their nerves through relatively small openings in the skull. The human vestibular (balance) system relies on flu...

UIC researchers show protein routes messages in nerve cells

...mouse or a rat can help researchers understand how nerves need to be reconnected after spinal cord injury, or may open doors to developing drugs that can manipulate proteins that cause neurological diseases in humans. ...

Researchers find molecule that inhibits regrowth of spinal nerve cells

... molecule throws up "fences" that repel developing nerves and guide them along the pathways to their appropriate connections to muscles. In 2002 Dr. Mark Henkemeyer, associate professor in the Center for Developmental Biology and of cell biology and one of the authors of the PNAS study, found that such a "...

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