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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Plastic surgeons countdown first full facial transplantation

...l transplantation, this did not include vessel and nerve repair. In living recipients, the authors estimate the total length of surgery will be approximately 11-15 hours. "Plastic surgeons have historically been at the forefront of transplantation medicine," said Dr. Cunningham. "The first successful ha...

Obese people are more sensitive to pain, suggests study

...ght electrical shock to a patient's sural nerve, a nerve that extends along the ankle and into the calf. Th...esearchers determined the body's response to sural nerve stimulation by measuring the reflex of the lower leg muscles that surround the sural nerve. When the...

New weapon in battle against osteoporosis

...xplains Dr. Karsak. "The CB1 receptor is formed by nerve cells in the brain and is responsible for, among o...CB2 receptor, on the other hand, does not occur in nerve cells; its function was previously unknown." To explore this function the scientists working with Bo...

Study finds 60 new genes controlled by DNA snippet

...e potential to create new classes of treatment for nerve disorders and heart failure. Such sequences may al...also appear near genes that direct the building of nerve cells and blood vessels, suggesting they may be involved in diseases affecting those tissues as well...

Unraveling the viral mechanism

...erstand better how this and similar viruses infect nerve cells and, some day, interrupt that disease process. The advance occurred because of innovations in computational method development in addition to the powerful cryoelectron microscopes operated at very low specimen temperature and very high energy ...

Are dancers genetically different than the rest of us? Yes, says Hebrew University researcher

...nvolved in the transmission of information between nerve cells. The serotonin transporter regulates the level of serotonin, a brain transmitter that contributes to spiritual experience, among many other behavioral traits. The vasopressin receptor has been shown in many animal studies to modulate social com...

Protein receptor cools passion of 'kiss and run' nerve cells

...f neurotransmitter across a synapse to a receptive nerve cell. A team of neuroscientists led by University...cess involves a receptor protein on a pre-synaptic nerve cell -- the side that fires the packet of neurotransmitter -- that is affected by 5-hydroxytryptamin...

Chemical signaling helps regulate sensory map formation in the brain

... mechanism used by the developing brain to pattern nerve connections in the part of the brain that interpre...perimental evidence for a decades-old model of how nerve cells establish distant connections in a way that can consistently relay spatial information. In th...

Gene variation increases SIDS risk in African Americans

...tions." Cellular activity, particularly that of nerve and muscle cells, is controlled by the flow of ions like sodium and potassium. A change in an ion channel, if it disrupts ion flow, can alter the cell's activity. So Goldstein's team concentrated on how Y1103 might change a cell's behavior. On fir...

Blood flow in brain takes a twist, affecting views of Alzheimer's

...ain, the more activity on the part of neurons, the nerve cells that send electrical signals that are widely considered to be "brain activity." The assumption that more blood flow equals more active neurons forms the basis for interpretation of sophisticated brain imaging techniques such as PET scans and fu...

Salk researchers make fast strides towards understanding how our body controls walking

... long time, they haven't been able to identify the nerve cells that are part of these circuits. Even at clo...interneurons that relay electrical signals between nerve cells in the spinal cord,and motor neurons, the nerve cells that cause muscles to contract. To exp...

Molecular mechanism may explain how fevers spark seizures

... and GABA-A receptors, proteins on the surfaces of nerve cells that normally quiet the brain's excited chatter. GABA-A receptors were long suspected to play a role in epilepsy because they are the major inhibitory receptors in the brain and might therefore dampen the hyperexcitability that characterizes ...

Unraveling the mysteries of poison

...nnels build an electro-chemical gradient, allowing nerve and heart muscle cell signals to pass. The nerve or heart muscle cell is excited, and the ion channel structure changes, developing pores which let t...

High-resolution light microscope reveals the fundamental mechanisms of nerve communication

...or high-resolution cell imaging, many questions of nerve function remained unanswered. In contrast, using f... molecules to synapses, the contact points between nerve cells, enabling nerve signals to pass between cells. Their contents are released at the synapse when...

Lizard 'third eye' sheds light on evolution of color vision

...een, possibly to tell the time of day. Specialized nerve cells in that eye, which looks more like a spot on...ifferent types of cone cells are compared by other nerve cells in the retina as well as the brain. The lizard's parietal eye photoreceptors contain two pig...

New gene reduces retinal degeneration in fruit flies

...ht onto and recording electrical changes in single nerve cells in the fly eye, researchers found that neurons carrying a mutation in this gene cannot respond as well to light as compared to neurons carrying normal copies of this gene. In fact, the mutant neurons turn off their response to light four times ...

U of MN researchers develop way to visualize synchronized interactions of nerve cells in the brain

...o detect activation. To better evaluate how the nerve networks in the brain communicate and interact with one another, researchers used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record, with 1- millisecond temporal resolution, tiny magnetic fields from the brain during a short period of time. They studied this i...

New brain hormone puts brakes on reproduction

...erves project to numerous areas of the brain where nerve cells produce GnRH, and staining showed that these axons contacted GnRH-producing cells, suggesting direct effects. As in birds, GnIH also rapidly inhibits production of luteinizing hormone by the pituitary, they showed. Along with the fact that the...

Scientists develop a way to make the deadliest toxin known even more toxic

...luding those that regulate breathing. Blocking the nerve signal results in paralysis and, unless treated quickly, death. A lethal dose is small--eight tenths of an inhaled microgram for a 175-pound person. Because of its highly potent neurotoxic activity, Janda added, the use of BoNT is also of substanti...

Researchers identify new cord blood stem cell

...so induced an unanticipated reorganization of host nerve fibers within the brain, which may explain why the rats regained function, Low said. ...

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