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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Protein connections: A network to understand disease

...d coordination because of degeneration of specific nerve cells. The concept can be used to study many disea...n how the mutant protein can damage the neuron (or nerve cell)." "A cell makes tens of thousands of proteins, "said Zoghbi. "One protein interacts with many...

Life and death in the hippocampus: what young neurons need to survive

Whether newborn nerve cells in adult brains live or die depends on whether they can muscle their way into networks occupied by mature neurons. Neuroscientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies pin-pointed the molecular survival gear required for a young neuron ...

Spinal cord bridge bypasses injury to restore mobility

...rd. First, the researchers regenerated the severed nerve fibers, also called axons, around the initial large lesion with a segment of peripheral nerve taken from the leg of the same animal that suffered the spinal injury. Next, they jump started neur...

Septum keeps neurons in synch, can reduce epileptic seizures by 90 percent

... anesthetized rats to see what happened within the nerve pathways. They found that the epileptic rats suffered significantly more epileptic episodes when the brain did not have the proper theta rhythm. The researchers also found that when the theta rhythm was induced in the rats, it reduced epileptic disc...

Survivors of childhood polio do well decades later as they age

...clude spinal polio, a paralytic polio that attacks nerve cells in the spinal cord; bulbar polio, in which the virus attacks motor neurons in the brainstem; and bulbospinal polio, a combination of spinal and bulbar polios. The effects of polio run the gamut from a complete return to normal function to paral...

Neurons grown from embryonic stem cells restore function in paralyzed rats

...overcoming signals that inhibit axon growth, and a nerve growth factor to attract axons to muscles. The rep...ons. Just before transplantation, they added three nerve growth factors to the culture medium. Most of the cells were also cultured with a substance called d...

Mechanism identified for promising neurological drug

...sease and Huntington's disease, protects brain and nerve cells from damage. In the study, conducted in cel...eral sclerosis (ALS), all of which cause brain and nerve cell degeneration as a consequence of inflammation. However, says Swanson, "it's really been unclea...

Parkinson's disease mechanism discovered

...y that can lead to the death of dopamine-producing nerve cells and ultimately Parkinson's symptoms. Their s...t one neuron launches at its neighbor to trigger a nerve impulse. "Of all the neurotransmitters, dopamine has a higher potential for being toxic," she said....

Brain enzyme treatment relieves memory lapse in Alzheimer's mice

...gly, Uch-L1--a protein found almost exclusively in nerve cells--was also found at reduced levels in the Alz... "long-term potentiation" (LTP), a process whereby nerve connections are strengthened. LTP is regarded as the cellular basis for learning and memory. Treat...

Nanowire arrays can detect signals along individual neurons

...ilicon nanowires to detect, stimulate, and inhibit nerve signals along the axons and dendrites of live mamm...owires and the axons and dendrites projecting from nerve cells: Nanowires, like neuronal offshoots, are just tens of nanometers in width, making the thin fil...

Queensland scientists identify molecule that links both sides of the brain

...le that plays a key role in establishing the major nerve connections between each side of the adult brain. ...opment of the corpus callosum, the main connecting nerve tract that shuttles information between the left and right hemispheres of the adult brain. Using a...

Key stress protein linked to toxicities responsible for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's

...nd accumulation of misfolded proteins that lead to nerve cell injury and death in neurodegenerative disorde...f degenerative diseases and free radical stress in nerve cells," said Stuart A. Lipton, M.D., Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Del E. Webb Center for Neu...

Microscopic scaffolding offers a 'simple' solution to treating skin injuries

...aligned-fibre 'mats' of potential use in promoting nerve or tendon growth. This method is currently being patented. The next step in the research is to develop the skin reconstruction technology for clinical use, hopefully in the next few years. The technology also offers possibilities for testing the ...

Drug triggers body's mechanism to reverse aging effect on memory process

...d. "They directly stimulate the connection between nerve cells, which has an immediate effect of boosting LTP. But they also increase the presence of this important protein, BDNF, that can stay in the body and keep boosting memory after the drug has worn off." ...

In a technical tour de force, Salk scientists take a global view of the epigenome

...n stem cells differs from that in a mature skin or nerve cell. Part of the makeover mature cells must undergo for therapeutic cloning purposes will likely involve remodeling methylation patterns to resemble those of stem cells. And disease states, ranging from retardation to cancer, are marked by aberrant ...

Ritalin packs punch by elevating norepinephrine, suppressing nerve signal transmissions

... of rats to help focus attention while suppressing nerve signal transmissions in the sensory pathways to make it easier to block out extraneous stimuli, a Philadelphia research team has found. Their report in the Journal of Neurophysiology helps explain how a stimulant aids people with attention deficit a...

Trial success for diabetic nerve therapy

A potentially ground-breaking treatment for nerve damage caused by diabetes has shown promising resu... works by stimulating a person's genes may prevent nerve damage ?primarily to the hands and feet ?caused by the disease. The positive preclinical results ?r...

Proteins spur diabetic mice models to grow blood vessels, nerves

...tube and into animals by demonstrating it restores nerve and blood vessel growth in mice. The research has...volves netrins, a family of proteins that promotes nerve development. In a study to be published this week in the journal Science Express, the Utah researche...

Stem cells can repair torn tendons or ligaments

...mad proteins are involved in other tissues such as nerve and liver, suggesting that this type of delivery technology may be helpful for other degenerative diseases. In an accompanying commentary in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Dwight A. Towler and Richard Gelberman from the Washington Universit...

Experimental drug reverses key cognitive deficits, pathology in Alzheimer's

...esponses as the wave of electrical excitation of a nerve impulse. As an animal model of AD, the researchers used a "triple knockout" mouse in which three key genes involved in normal brain protein processing pathways had been knocked out, creating both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In the...

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