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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Increased sensitivity to nerve signals keeps diabetes at bay

...is known to trigger an increase in parasympathetic nerve impulses involving signals of different origins th...researchers said. In the pancreas, parasympathetic nerve endings release the messenger acetylcholine before and most likely after food is absorbed. "However...

Selectively blocking inflammatory signals may protect mice from MS

...n, quickly gaining followers, for the mechanism of nerve damage caused by multiple sclerosis. Instead of c...also associated with loss of myelin sheaths around nerve connections and unprotected axons in the brain. Again, SOCS1 was able to reduce the damage. "Toget...

Variations in detoxifying genes linked to Lou Gehrig's disease

...ns in three enzymes that detoxify insecticides and nerve gas agents as well as metabolize cholesterol-lower... such as parathion, diazinon and chlorpyrifos, and nerve gas agents such as sarin. Previous research described a possible twofold increased risk for develo...

Mechanism for neurodenegerative diseases linked to transport proteins

...echanism for polyQ diseases that explains why only nerve cells die and why the terminals die before the cell body. The link to the activation of the JNK enzyme suggests a new therapeutic target that might limit, delay or perhaps prevent progressive neurodegeneration, the researchers conclude. ...

Drug dials down the energy within cells, UM researchers find

...such as muscle contraction and the transmission of nerve signals. "People had proposed in the past that if you could inhibit this enzyme, there might be therapeutic potential. But the problem is, if you inhibit the enzyme in the way most powerful drugs do, turning it off, you deplete the cell of ATP, and ...

Taking the wrinkles out of motoneuronal disease

... Motoneuronal diseases cause a degeneration of the nerve pathways controlling muscle activity. The diseases are severe and physically debilitating disorders which lead toprogressive weakness and wasting of muscles. Many of the diseases are incurable. Dr Meunier is developing botox to selectively deliver d...

The brain, traffic and nano-circuits -- e-Science takes on major challenges

... the processes within individual neurons (brain or nerve cells) or the interactions between networks of neurons that lead to thoughts and behaviour. The techniques are time-consuming, difficult and expensive, but researchers rarely record their data or models so that they can be used by other labs or resea...

One-dimensional diffusion accelerates molecular motors

...ing cellular life processes like cell division and nerve cell growth. When cells divide, they build a giant apparatus - the so called the "mitotic spindle". It is made up of microtubules; which are tiny protein polymers that can be built up and torn down like scaffolding. They also make up "tracks", along...

New research promising for improving brain cell survival after brain injury

...r injury, which appears to tip the balance towards nerve cell survival, instead of death," he said. Prof Tan is the first to show that this mechanism can be fruitfully manipulated to prevent brain cells from dying. For this reason, his work has been published by the Journal of Neuroscience, the peak bod...

Stem cells found in adult skin can be transplanted and function in mouse models of disease

...have been proposed as a cell type for treatment of nerve injuries, demyelination disorders such as multiple...s that they have shown are made by SKPs, including nerve cells, and to ask whether these SKP-derived Schwann cells can function in situations of human nervou...

Making a face: A new and earlier marker of neural crest development

...te of cells that go on to form the face, skull and nerve centers of the head and neck in vertebrates is determined much earlier in development than previously thought, and is independent of interaction with other forming tissues, according to a recent study published in the journal Nature. The collaborat...

Brain-computer link lets paralyzed patients convert thoughts into actions

...sts have long been able to eavesdrop on individual nerve cells, before 1996 no one had developed a reliable system for directly collecting precise data from large groups of brain cells. That year, Donohue and his post-doctoral student Nicholas Hatsopoulos modified an existing sensor and used it for the fir...

New compound reduces stroke damage

...micking Parkinson's disease, dementia, stroke, and nerve damage. Gunter Fischer and his colleagues at the Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding in Germany have now determined that neuroprotective FK506 derivatives specifically target a receptor called FKBP38. "High FKBP38 activity in...

Scientists reverse evolution

...xb1 gene, which orders the formation of particular nerve cells in rhombomere 4 ?nerves that ultimately control facial expressions in animals. When a mouse is born with a disabled Hoxb1 gene, it suffers facial paralysis, and is unable to blink its eyes, wiggle its whiskers or pull back its ears. Tvrdik a...

Salk and Stanford teams join forces to reveal two paths of neurodegeneration

...e of ornamental elephants, and neither do immature nerve cells immediately recognize the "right" target cel...y revise that notion and, in doing so, suggest how nerve function could be preserved after injury. The collaboration began when senior co-authors Liqun Luo,...

New roles for growth factors: Enticing nerve cells to muscles

During embryonic development, nerve cells hesitantly extend tentacle-like protrusions ...ain or spinal cord. Connections between muscle and nerve cells are established embryonically when newborn neurons extend axons to "wire" the appropriate musc...

New stem-cell findings can help the body to cure itself

... that stimulate, for example, the formation of new nerve cells to treat conditions such as stroke and Parkinson's and skin cells to facilitate the healing of wounds. Professor Frisén is best known for his research on cerebral stem cells; the present study, however, has been carried out on stem cells in the...

Think fast! Rice undergrad unlocks nerve speed secret

...ts have defined the function of a key protein that nerve cells use to pass information quickly. Like all cells in our bodies, nerve cells are encased in a membrane, a thin layer of fatty tissue that walls off the outside world from ...

Researchers show how brain decodes complex smells

...e. In studies in mice, the researchers found that nerve cells in the brain's olfactory bulb -- the first s...s the fragrance of a blooming rose. Instead, these nerve cells, or neurons, detect the host of chemical compounds that comprise a rose's perfume. Smarter sec...

Gatekeeping: Penn researchers find new way to open ion channels in cell membranes

...ions generates the electrical currents that enable nerve impulse transmission, hormone secretion, and muscle contraction and relaxation. When there are changes to the channel, such as by mutations in a channel gene, disease can result. For example, mutations in some channel genes cause cardiac arrhythmias,...

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