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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Cancer stem cells linked to radiation resistance

...teristics similar to those of normally functioning nerve stem cells, Rich said. In the current study, the researchers used glioblastoma tissue removed from patients during neurosurgery and created two separate models. For one model, the researchers extracted cells from the tissue and grew them in cultur...

New biochip helps study living cells, may speed drug development

...h could accelerate drug development for muscle and nerve disorders like epilepsy and help create more produ... channels are particularly important in muscle and nerve cells, where they facilitate communication and the transfer of electrical signals from one cell to t...

Hard-wiring the fruit fly's visual system

...they see. These visual maps consist of millions of nerve cell contacts that need to be wired correctly duri...lly programmed but requires activity by neurons or nerve cells in the brain. In a new study published in the journal Current Biology, Drs. P. Robin Hiesing...

UNC scientists solve mystery of how largest cellular motor protein powers movement

...h a particular regulator protein causes defects in nerve cell transmission and mimics the symptoms of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ...

St. Jude finds clues to hearing loss from chemotherapy

... by recording electrical activity from the hearing nerve and other parts of the brain in response to brief, high-frequency sounds. The team identified 17 families that showed evidence of hearing loss. The investigators then determined the types of ear abnormalities the mice had. The goal was to find the ge...

Electronic chip, interacting with the brain, modifies pathways for controlling movement

...ntable electronic chip that may help establish new nerve connections in the part of the brain that controls...ents. This is largely done through the activity of nerve cells in the part of the brain called the motor cortex. These nerve cells, or neurons, send signals ...

Smoking changes brain chemistry

Chronic smoking affects nerve cells and alters the chemical makeup of the brain, according to research presented today at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). "This is the first imaging study to focus on the relationship between brain metaboli...

When nerve cells can't make contact

...euroligins ensure that signal transmission between nerve cells functions. In the brain of genetically alter...thout neuroligins, the contact points at which the nerve cells communicate, the synapses, do not mature. The researchers assume that similar malfunctions are...

Cell death following blood 'reflow' injury tracked to natural toxin

...lood vessel injuries, the researchers pumped mouse nerve cells full of PAR-polymer. The cells died, but to be sure PAR-polymer (and not something else) killed them, they examined the brains of mice engineered to lack an enzyme that chews up and gets rid of PAR. These mouse brains contained twice as much PA...

UWM brain research supports drug development from jellyfish protein

... a loss of "calcium-binding" proteins that protect nerve cells, said Moyer. Calcium is necessary for communication between neurons in the brain, and learning and memory are not possible without it. But too much of it leads to neuron death, interfering with memory and contributing to neurodegenerative disea...

Test reveals effectiveness of potential Huntington's disease drugs

...anning and abstract thinking. It primarily attacks nerve cells called striatal medium spiny neurons, the ma...ns are oversensitive to glutamate, a compound that nerve cells use to communicate with each other. In the latest UT Southwestern study, the researchers c...

Epstein-Barr virus might kick-start multiple sclerosis

...destruction of the myelin sheathing that insulates nerve cells. "The broadened response of the T cells could lead them to recognize and attack cells they aren't supposed to, like brain cells," said Münz. This process, called molecular mimicry, is seen in other autoimmune disorders, such as lupus. Münz pr...

ABCB6 is key to production of heme in hemoglobin

...ter and swell in sunlight; and acute porphoryia, a nerve problem that triggers pain in the chest, abdomen, limbs or back, as well as paralysis, cramping and personality changes or mental disorders. "Also, people with porphyria can suffer sudden, acute attacks if they take certain tranquilizers and other dr...

Results with newer bladeless LASIK equivalent to standard microkeratome LASIK

...e. The researchers found no difference in subbasal nerve density between types of surgery, though the densi...etween microkeratome and bladeless LASIK. Subbasal nerve density and corneal sensitivity do not impact vision, but rather the potential to heal from a scratc...

Light-sensitive photoswitches could restore sight to those with macular degeneration

...muscle contraction, activate a drug or stimulate a nerve cell - all at the flash of a light. One major go...etina with photoswitches, essentially making blind nerve cells see, restoring light sensitivity in people with degenerative blindness such as macular degener...

The secret lives of sea slugs

...as a relatively small number of large, color-coded nerve cells that always appear in the same place in a re...s of this behavior and aid scientists studying the nerve cells involved in navigation, an important problem every animal faces. "Once you know what a behav...

Researchers discover how bacteria sense their environments

...en humans taste or smell, receptors unique to each nerve cell detect the chemical and send signals to the brain, where many cells process the message to understand what we are smelling or tasting. But a bacterium is just a single cell, and it must use many different receptors to sense and interpret everyth...

'Smart' genetic therapy helps the body to heal itself

...lving damage to the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve cells in the brain. Using a mouse model of the disease, Dr Pujol and colleagues found that a protein called ALDR (very similar to the ALD protein mutated in the disease) could, if over-expressed, compensate for the loss of the ALD protein and prev...

Protein's role in regulating cell death sets direction for cancer research

...sic programmed cell death response. In the case of nerve cells that have been temporarily cut off from their oxygen supply because of a stroke, or damaged by amyloid deposits, this might seem like a bad thing that could contribute to neurodegenerative disease," says Dr. Greer who produced the study with Yi...

Nanotubes used for first time to send signals to nerve cells

...ubes -- the ability to carry electrical signals to nerve cells. Nanotubes, tiny hollow carbon filaments about one ten-thousandth the diameter of a human hair, are already famed as one of the most versatile materials ever discovered. A hundred times as strong as steel and one-sixth as dense, able to conduc...

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