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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Breathing easy: When it comes to oxygen, a bug's life is full of it

...e the fruit fly’s genes play in the ability of its nerve cells to remain healthy even under hypoxic conditions. The research aims to lead to better ways to protect humans who suffer periods of hypoxia due to medical emergency or accidents. Mark Krasnow, of the Stanford University School of Medicine, Pal...

Molecular motors and brakes work together in cells

...motors move protein packages for waste removal and nerve transmission. In the Cell study, the investigators, working with fission yeast cells, showed that stable end-to-end arrays of microtubules can be achieved by a balance between the sliding by a molecular motor called klp2p and the braking of a mic...

A potential biological cause for sudden infant death syndrome

...the medulla oblongata, they found abnormalities in nerve cells that make and use serotonin, one of over 100...icals in the brain that transmit messages from one nerve cell to another. Based on their findings, Kinney, Paterson and colleagues hope to develop a diagn...

Gene key to taste bud development identified

..., eye and inner ear differentiate into specialized nerve cells. Taste bud cells, much like skin cells, continually slough off and are replaced by new ones. So the new findings not only provide insights into the interactions between SOX2 and tongue stem cells during embryonic development, but also into ho...

Dopamine used to prompt nerve tissue to regrow

...g Wang, a chemist by training, first ventured into nerve regeneration two years ago, he didn't know that hi...e of neurotransmitter, into a polymer to stimulate nerve tissues to send out new connections. The discovery is the first step toward the eventual goal of imp...

Backache beaten by good vibrations?

...hers are recruiting people with backache caused by nerve root pain ?commonly known as sciatica ?in the firs...sts. "The pain caused by inflammation of lumbar nerve roots could potentially be reduced with the application of TU, a form of electrotherapy commonly use...

Growth factor stimulates rapid extension of key motor neurons in brain

... motor neuron (CSMN) axons ?projections that carry nerve impulses to the spinal motor neurons that connect to muscles ?and that blocking IGF-1 activity reduces that growth in both cultured cells and in living mice. "Our findings that IGF-1 specifically enhances both the speed and extent of axon outgrowth...

Neuron cell stickiness may hold key to evolution of the human brain

...equences that appear to regulate genes involved in nerve cell adhesion molecules. Cell adhesion controls many aspects of brain development including growth and structure, and enables neurons to connect with other neurons and supportive proteins. Differences in the molecular connections of human neurons c...

Researchers seek to design first treatment for neuroAIDS

...l drugs are showing promise against neuroAIDS, the nerve damage caused by HIV infection that lessens many p...rug classes can protect the brain from HIV-related nerve damage. Driving their approach is the realization that antiviral drugs that work against AIDS do not...

Gene linked with mental illness shapes brain region, researchers find

...in called the pulvinar is larger and contains more nerve cells in humans who carry the gene. "This migh...use to communicate with one another. Once specific nerve cells release serotonin, a molecule called the serotonin transporter (SERT) brings it back into the ...

Two nerve cells in direct contact

... the first time proved the direct link between two nerve cells, one in each half of the brain, combining th...the facetted eyes of a fly. In the blow fly, the nerve cells that analyse optical flow fields, called tangential cells, are located in the lobula plate. Th...

Tarantula venom and chili peppers target same pain sensor

... has been shown to cause pain by exciting the same nerve cells in mice that sense high temperatures and the... The tarantula venom targets the heat sensor on nerve cells known as the capsaicin receptor, first cloned in 1997 in the Julius laboratory. In the last 10...

Transplanted photoreceptor precursor cells restore visual function in mice with retinal degeneration

...als that travel through the inner retina and optic nerve and on to the brain where signals are converted to the images we see. In the majority of macular and retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, it is the loss of photoreceptors that leads to blin...

Gene therapy inhibits epilepsy in animals

...cept' that altering specific signaling pathways in nerve cells after a brain insult or injury could provide a scientific basis for treating patients to prevent epilepsy." Dr. Brooks-Kayal and Shelley J. Russek, Ph.D., of Boston University School of Medicine were senior authors of the study in the Nov. 1 ...

Diabetes slows nerve recovery after heart transplant

...betes on the potential for recovery of sympathetic nerve fibers of the heart," added the co-author of "Effe...and an imaging technique to precisely characterize nerve damage may be of value to guide future therapeutic efforts aimed at reducing cardiac risk with diabe...

New research identifies gene important for nicotine's effects on the brain

...cumbens. CREB is able to change the properties of nerve cells, which is important for the rewarding proper...thers has shown that nicotine changes signaling in nerve cells in the dopamine system resulting in long-lasting effects," said Picciotto. "We believe that t...

Researchers identify neurons that assign value during learning

...ed transgenic fruit flies that express in distinct nerve cells a special ion channel, "channelrhodopsin-2," whose activity is light-sensitive (the protein is normally found in green algae). As a result of expressing channelrhodopsin-2, neurons could be activated simply by illuminating fruit fly larvae with...

Learning during sleep?

...considerable influence on our understanding of how nerve cells interact during sleep consolidation," confir... they recorded the field potential of thousands of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex. This allowed them to link the behaviour of the individual nerve cells ...

Novel pathway regulates timing of brain cell development

...e carefully timed production of different types of nerve cells by neural stem cells: neurons are produced first, then astrocytes. Making too much of one kind of cell and too little of another at a given time could lead to brain malformations. In the October 6 issue of Cell, researchers in the Neurobiology ...

Origin of inherited pain disorder pinpointed

...utations in porelike sodium channels in peripheral nerve cells—a discovery that they said emphasizes the ro...are central to the neuron's ability to propagate a nerve impulse. In response to voltage changes in a nerve cell caused by a nerve impulse, these channels sn...

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