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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Growing nerve cells in 3-D dramatically affects gene expression

...e matters. A new Brown University study shows that nerve cells grown in three-dimensional cultures use 1,766 genes differently compared to nerve cells grown in standard two-dimensional petri dishes. The study, published in the May issue of T...

Fast and slow -- How the spinal cord controls the speed of movement

...ch then lit up when calcium ions flooded in as the nerve cells activated. A confocal microscope with lasers... high resolutions. Using this set up, they watched nerve cells light up as the animals moved at different speeds. While no one knows how this pattern rela...

Get a whiff of this: Smell test could sniff out serious health problems

...ptum or polyps,?Frank says. “Perhaps the olfactory nerve has been damaged due to a head injury or a viral infection.? For those who are proud of their keen sense of smell, this is not a test to tickle their senses. Because the really nasty smells worked best for the Sniff Magnitude Test, Frank says the t...

Deconstructing brain wiring, one neuron at a time

...ol that can cross the synaptic space of a targeted nerve cell just once to identify all the neurons to whic...s have previously been used to outline the flow of nerve cell communication, but they have two drawbacks. First, once inside the brain, they keep spreading f...

UCLA study uncovers clues for why Graves' disease attacks the eyes

...ids, severe double vision, corneal scarring, optic nerve damage and even blindness. Graves?disease is nine times more common in women than men. The disorder most often strikes during the childbearing years, and runs an average course of one to two years. No cure exists, though surgery can be done at...

Rare cell prevents rampant brain activity

...e human brain consists of around a hundred million nerve cells linked together by around ten billion contact junctions called synapses. The activity of this extremely complex network is regulated through a dynamic balance between excitatory signals, which are transmitted by one type of synapse, and inhibit...

Researchers develop marker that identifies energy-producing centers in nerve cells

... conduct and generate electro-chemical impulses or nerve signals, which carry information from one part of ...at combines oxygen with food calories. It is these nerve signals that cause muscles to move and thoughts to be processed. Dr. Chandrasekaran says the fluores...

2 brains -- 1 thought

...ca D: Nonlinear Phenomena, December, 2006). The nerve cells of the brain are inter-connected to a comple...brain activities are the result of the "firing" of nerve cells, when they send electrical pulses - like a Morse code - to other cells of the brain. This proc...

Mechanism of nicotine's learning effects explored

...s that one neuron launches at another to trigger a nerve impulse in the receiving neuron. In their studies, Mansvelder and colleagues found that by activating acetylcholine receptors, nicotine affects a process called “spike-timing-dependent potentiation?that governs changes in strength of signaling con...

Scientists identify molecular cause for one form of deafness

...ibrations stimulate hair cells, which then trigger nerve impulses that are transmitted to the brain. Researchers have now learned that mutations in a protein called espin can cause floppiness in tiny bundles of protein filaments within the hair cells, impairing the passage of vibrations and resulting in ...

Study shows isolation of stem cells may lead to a treatment for hearing loss

...electrical impulse which passes along the auditory nerve to the brain. If the sound is too loud, the hair cells are damaged and no longer send signals to the brain. Severely damaged hair cells do not repair themselves nor do they regenerate naturally. While further research is necessary, the researc...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

...activates mechanisms that stabilize the memory and nerve connections, resulting in long-term memory, lasting days, weeks, or years. "Quite different molecular machineries, widely conserved from sea slugs to rodents, are thought to underlie these two components. While modifications of pre-existing protei...

Woven scaffolds could improve cartilage repair

... said, because the tissue lacks a supply of blood, nerve and lymph and has limited capacity for repair. Current strategies for treating cartilage damage, such as surgery or cartilage implants, are fairly limited, said Farshid Guilak, Ph.D., director of orthopedic research at Duke and senior member of th...

When your brain talks, your muscles don't always listen

...ppens, you know. As we grow older, neurons--the nerve cells that deliver commands from our brains--have ...center, the spinal cord, billions upon billions of nerve cells, and thousands of muscle fibers. "Muscles are the driving force behind our movements," Knig...

3 proteins may play important role in nerve-cell repair

...receptor proteins, called GPR3, GPR6 and GPR12, on nerve cells in the brains of rats. When researchers ...s that were up to three times longer than those on nerve cells with normal levels of the proteins, and the extensions grew four to eight times faster than in...

Stem cells act through multiple mechanisms to benefit mice with neurodegenerative disease

...e. Some of the transplanted cells replaced damaged nerve cells and transmitted nerve impulses, offering the first evidence that stem cell-derived nerve cells may integrate electrically ...

Bisexual fruit flies show new role for neurochemical

...epend on the number of receptors on the surface of nerve cells, and the number of receptors is controlled b...hrenia is influenced by the number of receptors on nerve cells. The more receptors each cell has at its communication points, or synapses, the better that me...

Newborn brains grow vision and movement regions first

...gray matter, which contains most of the neurons or nerve cells, grew much more robustly than another type o...of the brain that contains most of the neurons, or nerve cells, may have implications for autism research, Gilmore said. Children with autism have larger bra...

Scientists discover new, readily available source of stem cells

...ed them to create muscle, bone, fat, blood vessel, nerve and liver cells in the laboratory. The first report showing the isolation of broad potential stem cells from the amniotic fluid that surrounds developing embryos was published today in Nature Biotechnology. "Our hope is that these cells will provide...

Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff

...oth types of stimuli produce reaction in olfactory nerve cells, which control how our brain perceives what we smell, explains why we sniff to smell something, and why our sense of smell is synchronized with inhaling. "The driving force for such synchronization remained a mystery for more than 50 years,...

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