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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Basic research leads to a novel cancer therapy

...ecessary, if various tissues - like blood vessels, nerve tissue, and connective tissue - are to be built up during the development of an organism and in the process of tissue regeneration. Research has focussed on these tumour cell signalling cascades, because in cancers they are often disturbed. If there...

Scientists reveal how deadly toxin hijacks cells

...l weapon. The toxin enters neurons by binding to nerve endings and preventing the release of crucial chem...itters, that communicate with muscles. When enough nerve endings are invaded, botox can lead to paralysis and death. By capitalizing on the ability of botox...

A new focus for the mechanism of nerve growth

...archers at Yale shed new light on the mechanism of nerve cell growth by identifying novel functions for a m...cle in the March issue of Nature Cell Biology. As nerve cells develop or attempt to recover after damage, they extend growth cones, highly flexible extensio...

Weizmann Institute suggests that immune cells help to maintain cognition and brain cell renewal

...hat each individual is born with a fixed number of nerve cells in the brain, and that these cells gradually...ed as a possible threat to the complex and dynamic nerve cell networks. Furthermore, immune cells that recognize the brain's own components("autoimmune" cell...

Why nerve cells work faster than the theory allows

...versität Bochum have analyzed, by which rules, the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex decide to send out im...hannels, which open in the cell membranes during a nerve impulse, do not work independently of each other, as assumed so far, but support each other during t...

On a fly's wing, scientists tally evolution's winners and losses

...Tooth type 1A10 (the most common type of inherited nerve disorder [CMT1A]). The study of this chromosome gives a clearer picture of how genome changes through evolution, Lupski said. For example, breaks in synteny or the maintenance of the order of genes between species coincide with changes in the archi...

Mouse to man: The story of chromosomes

...Tooth type 1A10 (the most common type of inherited nerve disorder [CMT1A]). The study of this chromosome gives a clearer picture of how genome changes through evolution, Lupski said. For example, breaks in synteny or the maintenance of the order of genes between species coincide with changes in the archi...

How nerve cells stay in shape

... synapses: if the protein Staufen2 is removed in a nerve cell, the cell loses a large portion of its synaps...17, 2006). Nerve cells receive signals from other nerve cells via dendrites, which branch out like the branches of a tree. The cell-body receives incoming i...

Study in Science holds promise for a new approach to drug therapy

...ssing on messages that make vision possible, carry nerve messages, enable white blood cells to attack infection and set the timing of the heartbeat. Faulty GPCR signaling, on the other hand, plays a key role in several major diseases. As a result, GCPRs are targeted by 12 of the top 20 selling drugs, inclu...

NJIT engineer poised to take stem cell research a step forward

... shows that the cells can turn into neurons -- the nerve cells in the body that control brain and spinal co... your spinal cord," Arinzeh said, "you damage your nerve tissue and the neurons. So I'd like to regenerate that nerve tissue by coaxing stem cells to turn in...

Engineered mouse mimics cognitive aspects of schizophrenia

...t one neuron launches at its neighbor to trigger a nerve impulse in the receiving neuron. The major antipsychotic drugs are believed to "dial down" the dopamine machinery by blocking receptors for dopamine on the surface of neurons. Also, amphetamines, which release dopamine, are known to aggravate schizo...

In the mind's eye: How the brain makes a whole out of parts

...of the brain." The report, based on recordings of nerve cells in the visual cortex of macaque monkeys, reveals that neurons in the higher-level visual cortex at first respond to a visual stimulus "somewhat indiscriminately," signaling all the individual features within a shape to which they are sensitive....

Both alcoholism and chronic smoking can damage the brain's prefrontal cortex

...will focus on developing and testing a "peripheral nerve interface" ?an implanted device that would relay nerve impulses from nerves in the residual limb to a small computer worn on a belt and then to the bionic ...

Commonly used antidepressants may also affect human immune system

...ch uses chemical messengers to communicate between nerve cells, the immune system is believed to "converse" through physical contact -- one type of immune cell touches another, setting off a response. Specifically, "antigen presenting cells" display their antigens (bits of a foreign invader) to T-cells, a...

University of Utah to help build bionic arm

...will focus on developing and testing a "peripheral nerve interface" ?an implanted device that would relay nerve impulses from nerves in the residual limb to a small computer worn on a belt and then to the bionic ...

U of MN researchers identify ataxia gene

...an important role in the maintaining the health of nerve cells. The scientific discovery has historical imp...ides internal structure to cells, will clarify how nerve cells die and may provide insight into other diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou ...

A surprising pair of proteins help make healthy eggs

...studied protein is found at high levels in damaged nerve tissue as well as in the tumors of certain cancers, including cancer of the skin and liver and in Hodgkin's lymphoma. The new research is the first to connect c-Jun to this network of ovarian genes. Freiman said the discovery reveals a potential conn...

Cell therapy slows progression of an inherited neurological disease; Improves motor skills in mice

...uses loss of the white matter or myelin protecting nerve fibers. Without myelin, nerves cannot conduct impulses to and from other areas of the body, resulting in symptoms including convulsions, seizures, personality changes, spasticity, progressive dementia, motor disturbances progressing to paralysis, and...

Learning and memory stimulated by gut hormone

...urons promoting alterations in connections between nerve cells in mice and rats. Further study of behavior in the animals showed that these changes in brain circuitry are linked to enhanced learning and memory performance. Because ghrelin is highest in the circulation during the day and when the stomach ...

Master genetic switch found for chronic pain

...in that outlasts the injury and is associated with nerve and/or central nervous system changes. The animals... Runx1 was known to be expressed only in sensory nerve cells called "nociceptive" cells, involved in sensing pain. Such pain-sensing cells function by tran...

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