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Tag: "nerve" at biology news

Prenatal Stress Keeps Infants, Toddlers up at Night, Study Says

...sol, may disrupt a childs formation of a bundle of nerve cells in the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus which act as a signaling system that tunes the bodys internal clock. This signaling system helps to properly regulate daily rhythms of waking, sleeping, even hunger that is, if its formation ha...

Scratch no more: Gene for itch sensation discovered

...or found in a very small population of spinal cord nerve cells where pain and itch signals are transmitted ...GRPR stood out because it is present in only a few nerve cells in the spinal cord known to relay pain and/or itch signals to the brain. So they began to stud...

Old memory traces in brain may trigger chronic pain

...ne, has identified a drug that controls persistent nerve pain by targeting the part of the brain that exper... of the formerly injured site. It also controlled nerve pain resulting from chemotherapy, noted Apkarian, who is a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensi...

Gene therapy delivery of nerve growth factors reverses erectile dysfunction in animal model

...ith a gene therapy vector containing either of two nerve growth factors were able to regain normal function...frequently associated with damage to the cavernous nerve that results from surgery for prostate cancer. Even if a patient receives a nerve-sparing procedure ...

Brain holds clues to bipolar disorder

...sticity cascades – the complex machinery inside of nerve cells that regulates numerous processes inside the body. Using animal and cellular models, Dr. Manji and colleagues at NIMH showed that disruptions in these pathways resulted in many of the core symptoms of bipolar disorder and explained many other o...

Researchers reveal structure of protein altered in autism

...an early age. “Abnormal synaptic development in nerve connections is likely to lead to cognitive deficit...iates neurotransmission between nerves and between nerve and muscle – for the past 30 years. They began studying the neuroligins because of the similarity in...

Penn researchers link cell's protein recycling systems

...associated with defective proteins accumulating in nerve cells, suggesting that the cell’s normal disposal mechanisms are not operating correctly. Now, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered a molecular link between the cell’s two major pathways for breaking down p...

UCF nanoparticle offers promise for treating glaucoma

... left untreated, can result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. High pressure occurs, in part, because of a buildup of carbon dioxide inside the eye, and the compound blocks the enzyme that produces carbon dioxide. Seal and a team of collaborators including Sanku Mallik, of North Dakota State...

Blood-brain barrier breached by new therapeutic strategy

... intravenous administration. Once delivered to the nerve cells of the brain, the strip, called a small inte...iral siRNA across the blood-brain barrier and into nerve cells in the brain. Once inside brain nerve cells, the antiviral siRNA can silence key viral genes t...

Turn-ons and turn-offs for neurons

Our brain consists of billions of nerve cells enabling to learn, remember and reason. Ever...ions of neurons in our brain becomes active. These nerve cells communicate with each other by chemical and electrical impulses to compute incoming sensory in...

A first -- Hebrew University scientist observes brain cell development in 'real time'

...ersity, used mouse models to study how neurons, or nerve cells, develop from an undifferentiated cellular s...since "the structural and functional complexity of nerve cells remains one of the biggest mysteries of neuroscience, and we now have a model to study this co...

Experimental gene therapy 'abolishes' arthritis pain and lessens joint damage

...d that therapeutic genes be injected directly into nerve cells. Strong pain relief resulted, but in some cases the injections caused nerve damage. "Our publication represents the first proof that gene therapy can work in a way that is c...

Common treatment for methamphetamine overdose may damage brain cells

...cy rooms to treat methamphetamine overdose damages nerve cells in an area of the brain known to regulate movement, a new study shows. The findings, derived from experiments with rats, indicate that only the combination of the medication, haloperidol, and methamphetamine causes the destructive effects, not...

Detecting cold, feeling pain: Study reveals why menthol feels fresh

...d chronic pain, as can result from inflammatory or nerve injury, the researchers say, and a potential new t...in the setting of injury, such as inflammatory and nerve injury, and how these changes may contribute to chronic pain," says senior author David Julius, PhD,...

Mice with a migraine show signs of brain damage

...ain cells known as neurons. The team observed that nerve cells swell and begin to disintegrate, with neurons shedding important connections known as dendritic spines ?the tiny extensions of an individual neuron’s body that usually number in the thousands within a synapse. Mice in the grasp of a migraine lo...

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

... usually remains in the body, hiding out in nearby nerve cells where the victim's immune defenses cannot reach it, causing no symptoms at all. In order to escape detection by the body's immune system, the latent virus works to silence genes that would cause it to replicate. In this dormant state, only a t...

Brain's white matter -- More 'talkative' than once thought

...ously thought. “We were surprised to see these nerve axons talking to other cells in the white matter,?... of the brain, Bergles and his team studied nearby nerve cells to figure out where the glutamate might be coming from. By forcing single nerve cells to be...

How to steer a moving cell

... are specialized structures at the tips of growing nerve fibers, called axons, which sense guidance signals in their environment and "steer" the axons. Cell movement also requires polarization to position the cell and help navigate its movement. Polarization is characterized by formation of a leading "fa...

Newborn neurons like to hang with the 'in' crowd

...res called synapses. As a signal traveling along a nerve branch arrives at the pre-synaptic area, it releas... and induce a signal on the neighboring, receiving nerve fiber or dendrite. A typical neuron sports about 7,000 synapses through which it stays in touch with...

Chemical maps hint at drug's effects on schizophrenia

...nsmitter molecules that help send messages between nerve cells in the brain, scientists recently have begun to investigate whether lipids, small fatty molecules such as cholesterol and triglycerides, also may play a role in the disease and in response to therapy. The researchers, in collaboration with L...

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