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Tag: "mutation" at biology news

Researchers discover inherited mutation for leukemia

...searchers have discovered the first inherited gene mutation that increases a person's risk for chronic lymphoc... the disease. The study shows that the inherited mutation greatly reduces the gene's protective activity. Furthermore, a second kind of change occurs later th...

Discovery in orange cauliflower may lead to more nutritious crops

...w, Cornell researchers have identified the genetic mutation behind the unusual hue. The finding may lead to mo...ze, potato, rice, sorghum and wheat. The genetic mutation recently isolated by Cornell plant geneticist Li Li and colleagues -- and described in the December ...

Bigger horns equal better genes

...n length discrepancies are evidence to support the mutation accumulation theory of ageing, which is the idea that, because natural selection weakens with age, genetic mutations have effects that accumulate over time. Therefore, differences in genetic quality become more apparent as an organism ages. Coltm...

In mice, drug protects against diabetes and atherosclerosis

...n with HSPH Associate Professor Eric Rimm, found a mutation in the aP2 gene. Tissue tests revealed that many of the subjects had a variant of the aP2 gene that sharply reduced production of the aP2 protein. In 2006, the scientists published their findings that individuals with a genetic variation of aP2 helps...

Sun exposure early in life linked to specific skin cancer gene mutation

...to link early life sunlight exposure to a specific mutation in melanomas. Researchers interviewed 214 melan...f sun exposure before age 20. People with the NRAS mutation were more likely to have had high exposure between the ages of 50 and 60. About 15 percent of melano...

'Lucky 13' as new gene discovery offers further hope for childhood blindness

...ani community. "If a parent is found to carry a mutation in the LCA5 gene, the risk of blindness in their c...very important for everybody to know exactly which mutation they've got, because the treatments being tested are specific for different kinds of retinal degener...

Fat fish put obesity on the hook

... zebrafish by introducing the same type of genetic mutation that causes severe obesity in humans. The genetic change blocks the activity of a receptor, the melanocortin-4 receptor, which is at the heart of a “device” in our brains called the “adipostat.” The adipostat regulates body weight homeostatically, l...

Understanding why C. difficile causes disease -- it's hungry

...otein called C that prevents R from acting. A mutation in the C protein gene, leaving R unchecked, is the cause of the hypervirulent strain. Sonenshein and his colleagues are currently working to identify a protein that might shut down the gene that codes for R. By identifying such a protein, Sonenshein...

Gene mutation linked to cognition is found only in humans

...5 million years ago. Gene sequencing revealed a mutation specific to humans that triggers a change in the s...icing site and a longer protein. Introducing this mutation into chimpanzee DNA resulted in the creation of type II neuropsin. "Hence, the human-specific mutati...

Dealing deadly cancers a knockout punch

...ancer cells containing an activated ras pathway, a mutation present in about two-thirds of all human cancers. Reovirus enters a cancer cell, makes thousands of copies of itself, and then causes the cell to burst, which releases viruses that infect and kill adjacent cancer cells. Normal cells are not harmed. ...

Effect on breast tumors of DNA alternations in 3 genes described

...istics of breast tumors. "It is well known that mutation in genes -- alterations in their sequence -- is one of the characteristics of tumors responsible for some of their disease properties," said Menghua Tao, Ph.D., research assistant professor of social and preventive medicine in the UB School of Public...

Executable biology -- Computer science sheds light on animal development

...By running their model with a wide variety of gene mutation scenarios and comparing results with available laboratory data, they found that the fate of C. elegans vulval precursor cells depends upon the time-sequence of two cellular signaling pathways, as well as a negative feedback loop that had not been des...

Proteasome activator enhances survival of Huntington's disease neuronal model cells

...In Huntington's disease (HD) the disease provoking mutation in the huntingtin gene eventually causes the cell to build up intranuclear and cellular inclusions of protein-aggregates, made up primarily of huntingtin. One cellular organelle with a central role of clearing such protein build up in the cell is the...

UCI scientists reconstruct migration of avian flu virus

...ists believe. "The ability to develop the right mutation allows the virus to hop from one host type to the next," said Robert Wallace, UCI postdoctoral researcher and lead author of the study. "By spreading across a large area, the virus in essence can run multiple experiments in multiple locations, increa...

Study suggests some drug resistance to influenza B medications

...hogens. Whether these viruses arise by spontaneous mutation or through drug selection, or whether they are transmitted within families or acquired from the community, the resistant variants may be here to stay. In light of the recent observation that oseltamivir may be less effective against influenza B than ...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

A mind-altering mutation in mice results in an enhanced long-term memory, researchers report in the April 6, 2007 issue of the journal Cell, published by Cell Press. These findings point to a potential target for the development of a drug to treat memory loss, according to t...

Brown cancer biologists identify major player in cell growth

...bers of his laboratory created mice that carried a mutation -- tiny DNA sequences were inserted into their GABP-making gene. These DNA bits would serve as a time bomb of sorts, deleting a critical piece of the gene when given a chemical signal. From these mice, Rosmarin and his team grew fibroblasts -- com...

Study examines risk of soft tissue sarcomas in hereditary retinoblastoma survivors

... of soft tissue sarcomas is attributed both to the mutation in the RB-1 gene that causes retinoblastoma and to the radiation treatment that most retinoblastoma patients received when treated decades ago. Radiation is used less frequently today because of the risk of second cancers. Ruth A. Kleinerman, of th...

Stem cells act through multiple mechanisms to benefit mice with neurodegenerative disease

... with a genetic component. The mouse used here has mutation in a gene that makes the housekeeping enzyme hexos...utic impact. Sandhoff results from a genetic mutation that reduces the body's supply of an enzyme, called hexosaminidase ("hex"), used by brain cells to m...

Bisexual fruit flies show new role for neurochemical

...ssages at synapses," Featherstone said. The gene mutation also made the flies bisexual, leading him to name the gene "genderblind." "The mutants are completely bisexual, but fertile. It's the first gene that really specifically affects homosexual behavior without affecting heterosexual behavior," he said....

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