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Tag: "mutant" at biology news

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

.... However, a mutation in these stem cells produces mutant daughter cells, disorganized tissue architecture, and increased proliferation of crypt cells, which leads to development of colon tumors, Boman said. Hence, they then analyzed malignant colon tissues and found that there are a number of miRNAs that w...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

.... However, a mutation in these stem cells produces mutant daughter cells, disorganized tissue architecture, and increased proliferation of crypt cells, which leads to development of colon tumors, Boman said. Hence, they then analyzed malignant colon tissues and found that there are a number of miRNAs that w...

Researchers identify genes in fruitflies that may shed light on human cancer spread

...their previous work, Montell's group had generated mutant flies that show defects in border cell migration. This study identified five of the genes mutated in those flies and gives the researchers a starting point for more detailed analysis of how those genes are involved in cell migration. Wang has begun t...

Cancer virus protein needed for successful infection

... Lairmore and a group of collaborators developed a mutant strain of HTLV-1 that lacked p13. The researchers ...then infected one batch of rabbit T cells with the mutant virus and a second batch of rabbit T cells with a strain of normal HTLV-1. Last, they inoculated s...

New fruit fly protein illuminates circadian response to light

...y travel, namely from one time zone to another. A mutant fruit fly that possesses jetlag-like behaviors ena... Sehgal and others exposed wild type (control) and mutant flies to several light and dark settings ?constant darkness, constant light, and equal periods of li...

Novel connection found between biological clock and cancer

...n makes this interaction much stronger. However, a mutant enzyme that has lost its activity has no effect on the clock. Normally CHK2 is involved in the signal response pathway that begins when DNA is damaged and results in a temporary stoppage of cell division until the damage is fixed. The researchers fo...

Johns Hopkins lab scientists tame overactive CF protein

...destroy proteins that ERAD deploys to seek out the mutant CFTR. "We were able to confirm that to get rid of the defective CFTR protein, cells deploy VCP/p97 protein, which latches onto the damaged CFTR and sends it to the proteasome for destruction," Zeitlin says. "Using RNA interference, which basically w...

Carnegie Mellon researchers discover new cell properties

... was more brittle and eventually fractured. "The mutant HGPS lamina is like an egg shell that cracks when ...increased stiffness of the lamina may be caused by mutant proteins self-organizing into ordered structures within the HGPS lamina. "This could make the lamin...

Newly identified protein complex sheds light on axon growth mechanism

...vous system, UNC-76. Through experiments on double mutant combinations, the authors show that the two proteins cooperate to regulate axon development. The authors also show that UNC-69 is needed for the formation or maintenance of new synapses. It is known that UNC-76 binds to molecular 'motor' proteins ca...

Research reveals inner workings of immune system 'thermostat'

...cess." In previous research, Yap discovered that mutant mice with a naturally defective tyk2 gene were imm... and his team conducted a series of experiments in mutant mice infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. They found that Interleukin 10 production by T he...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...ne knew why Purkinje cells were dying in sticky mutant mice. To find out, Ackerman and her colleagues sea... colleagues revealed that the defect in the sti mutant mouse occurred in a region of the synthetase enzyme that "edits" the loading of the correct amino ac...

Gene first linked to rare disease may trigger skin cancer, other tumors

...tes. Further examination of tumors taken from the mutant mice suggested that the defect stemmed from an inc...r of cylindromas--sparked the same reaction in the mutant cells, they found. "In the absence of CYLD, it is the accumulation of Bcl-3 that is the problem," F...

Protein connections: A network to understand disease

... then we study those interactions to learn how the mutant protein can damage the neuron (or nerve cell)." "...ataxias. "Perhaps the disease happens when these mutant proteins interact with common partners," she said. To answer that question, Lim began to identify ...

Study reveals how cells destroy faulty proteins in cystic fibrosis

... normally because their bodies quickly destroy the mutant protein. "Most cases of CF are caused by the inability of faulty CFTR to get in the correct shape, which leads cells to place it in the trash bin," said senior author Dr. Douglas Cyr, professor of cell and developmental biology at UNC School of M...

Ready, set, mutate?and may the best microbe win

...fael Couñago and undergraduate Stephen Chen used a mutant strain of the microbe that was unable to make a ke...ver a span of 1,500 generations, the percentage of mutant strains inside the fermentor ebbed and flowed as the single-celled microbes competed for dominance. ...

Think fast! Rice undergrad unlocks nerve speed secret

... University's James Rothman and colleagues created mutant cells with SNAREs on the outside rather than the inside, and they used the cells to show that complexin could inhibit fusion that would otherwise be expected to proceed. "Complexin is the brake," McNew said. "It says, 'Stop. Don't go any further un...

Researchers offer clues to how leaves patterns are formed

...s a channel to transport auxin was that there were mutant leaves that produced dotted, rather than continuous veins for auxin to run through. But the research team showed that the leaves with the dotted veins were a mature version and that at an earlier stage, the veins were continuous and did act as transp...

HIV-1's high virulence might be an accident of evolution

... Kirchhoff said. Rhesus macaques infected with the mutant virus had extremely low viral loads and "either no pathogenicity, or a markedly protracted disease course." Similarly, humans infected with nef-defective HIV-1 progress to disease symptoms slowly, if at all. Several Nef functions were found to be li...

Researchers find 'secret weapon' used by SARS virus

... of questions -- among them, whether we can make a mutant form of SARS coronavirus that lacks the ability to degrade messenger RNA, which could ultimately lead to the creation of a live attenuated vaccine for SARS." Although many viruses interfere with host cells making messenger RNA or translating it in...

Pathway toward gene silencing described in plants

...A Polymerase IVa (Pol IVa) by looking at a Pol IVa mutant and noting that the rest of the proteins didn't localize properly. In the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2) mutant, Pol IVa is unaffected, but the function of all the other proteins downstream is lost, inferring that it came into the act second...

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