Tag: "mostly" at biology news

Identified main genetic variants involved in response to HIV

...ions of the complete human genome in 486 patients, mostly European, preselected from 30,000 potential candidates. These variations, known as simple nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are single variations affecting only one nucleotide or base of the genomic sequence. Despite humans sharing 99.9% of the geno...

Caribbean frogs started with a single, ancient voyage on a raft from South America

...erican group may have more than 400 species and is mostly associated with the large Andes mountains of South America," Hedges said. "Until now, the entire group of these terrestrial, tropical frog species -- the eleutherodactylines -- have been considered a "black hole" in amphibian biology because of th...

Researchers demonstrate way to control tree height

...growth was achieved by insertion of certain genes, mostly taken from the model plant Arabidopsis, which inhibited the action of a class of plant-specific hormones known as gibberellic acids. These compounds are also used as sprays to control the size and fruiting of orchard trees. In trees, the compounds pr...

HIV and malaria combine to adversely affect pregnant women and their infants

...llion people every year. While the disease affects mostly children, malaria also severely affects pregnant women, especially during their first pregnancy, accounting for an estimated 400,000 cases of severe anaemia and 200,000 infant deaths each year. With the recent realization that HIV further aggravates ...

Madagascan tropical forests return thanks to better management and well-defined ownership

.... "Regeneration of tropical forests has so far mostly been studied by ecologists trying to understand factors like seed dispersal and soil quality, our study clearly shows the importance of an increased understanding also of the social context behind forest regeneration," says Elmqvist. The loss of trop...

Risk of lymphoma increases with hepatitis C virus infection

... overall U.S. population. The study population was mostly men (97 percent), the majority of patients were white, and the average age was 52 years. Patients in the HCV-infected group were more likely to have served during the Vietnam era (1964-1975) than were uninfected patients in the comparison group. ...

Survival of the rarest: Fruit flies shed light on the evolution of behavior

.... On the other hand, if you're a sitter and you're mostly with rovers, the rovers are going to move out and you'll be left on the patch to feed without competition." More generally, Fitzpatrick says these results may help explain why genetic variants such as these are common in nature. "In the case of fr...

Studies force new view on biology of flavonoids

...n adequate dietary intake of flavonoid-rich foods, mostly fruits and vegetables, and protection against heart disease, cancer and neurodegenerative disease, Frei said. ...

Need oxygen? Cells know how to spend and save

...oxygen conditions, the cells' mitochondria contain mostly COX4-1. The researchers suspected that COX 4-2 might be the active protein under stressful, low-oxygen conditions, which the researchers refer to as hypoxia. To test the idea, the team compared the growth of human cells in normal oxygen condition...

MIT model helps researchers 'see' brain development

...nter. Of the subjects scanned, eight were newborn, mostly premature babies ranging from about 30 to 40 weeks of gestational age, and three were from children aged two, three and seven years. Grant scanned these infants and children to assess possible brain injury and found no neural defects. Later, she also...

Discovery could lead to better control of hemorrhagic fever viruses

... addition to causing occasional disease outbreaks, mostly in poor, rural areas of South America, the viruses...e notes that New World hemorrhagic fever outbreaks mostly occur in poor rural areas, where people are often deficient in micronutrients, including iron, possi...

Male reindeer inflate a large air sac in the neck region to emit their hoarse rutting calls

...ring the autumn rutting season whereas females are mostly silent during that period. Instead, vocal communication of females tends to mainly occur with their young, in the first months after the birth in summer. In mother-young communication the air sac individualizes the calls and contributes to individual...

NASA predicts nongreen plants on other planets

...t stars, they might predict that some planets have mostly non-green plants. "We can identify the strongest candidate wavelengths of light for the dominant color of photosynthesis on another planet," said Nancy Kiang, lead author of the study and a biometeorologist at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space...

Saving endangered whales at no cost

...hat 75% of individuals show signs of entanglement, mostly from lobster fishing gear. In the new work, the researchers analyzed the costs and benefits of two dramatically different lobster fishing strategies currently employed in the Gulf of Maine, the world's most important lobster-producing area. Compa...

Darwin's famous finches and Venter's marine microbes

...," explains Manning. Bacteria were thought to rely mostly on histidine kinases, which are structurally different from protein kinases, for all their signaling needs. Even though the different kinase families had very little similarity in their sequence, it emerged that 10 key residues were conserved in a...

Researchers discover surprising drug that blocks malaria

...isease kills an estimated 2 million people a year, mostly African children under five. It also poses a risk to travelers. An estimated 500 million cases of malaria were expected in 2006. Commonly used drugs against malaria attack the parasite, but it rapidly changes its molecular structure to become resi...

Anti-herpes treatment reduces HIV levels in women infected with both viruses

...d 4.1 million people were newly infected with HIV, mostly through heterosexual intercourse1. This alarming number of infections highlights the urgent need to intensify and expand proven prevention methods, and further, to identify and implement new methods of HIV prevention. A number of observational stud...

MicroRNA helps prevent tumors

... with DNA from another chromosome. Biologists have mostly focused on the shortened protein as the possible reason that the cells with this DNA swap became tumors. But this DNA swap removes not only the gene's protein-producing regions but also those areas that don't code for protein. And these non-protein-...

UCLA: How does your brain respond when you think about gambling or taking risks?

...aking risky decisions. Participants in the study, mostly UCLA students in their 20s, were given $30 and then asked whether they would agree to each of more than 250 gambles in which they had a 50-50 chance of winning an amount of money or losing another amount of money. Would they, for example, agree to a ...

Human preference for other species could determine whether they survive

...hts a creature displays. In the case of penguins, mostly black-and-white flightless birds that live predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere, those most popular with humans appear to be the ones that display markings of warm colors such as red, orange or intense yellow, said David Stokes, a conservation bi...

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