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Tag: "molecules" at biology news

Scientists discover way to block growth of prostate cancer cells

... were treated with androgen. Polyamines are small molecules produced in large quantity by the prostate gland and are secreted in the seminal fluid. Oxidation of polyamines generates a large amount of the ROS, hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide causes oxidative stress, a condition in which cells produce an excess o...

New research identifies gene important for nicotine's effects on the brain

...begun to make very strong links between individual molecules in the brain and nicotine-related behaviors," said Picciotto. "By identifying molecules and changing their activity we can understand how overall behavior is changed. " Picciotto's work ...

Heavy smoking cuts women's chance of pregnancy -- even with donated oocytes

...e concentration of its receptors and all the other molecules present in the cell. It could be that heavy smoking disrupts the stability of cells in the lining of the uterus differently in some women to others or triggers a response in the embryo itself, resulting in a reduced general pregnancy rate overall, bu...

'Failed' experiment yields a biocontrol agent that doesn't trigger antibiotic resistance

...duce a live bacterium. Plasmids are circular DNA molecules that are different from chromosomal DNA, the genetic material that encodes the instructions for life in all cells. Plasmids are small, non-chromosomal DNA molecules. They are common in bacteria. The genes in plasmids often encode information that co...

Fantastic Voyage: A new nanoscale view of the biological world

...of Biology makes it possible to image and quantify molecules within individual mammalian or bacterial cells. Cl... MIMS, we can image and quantify the fate of these molecules when they go into cells, where they go, and how quickly they are replaced," says Lechene. The met...

Brown scientists map structure of DNA-doctoring protein complex

...e wavelengths of light as they bounced between the molecules of dye. Those measurements were then fed into a special software program created by Dale Mierke, a Brown professor of medical science, which plotted their positions to create the structural map. "The real breakthrough here is successfully using FR...

New technique boosts size of proteins that can be analyzed

...ometer -- sprayed, heated and then bashed with gas molecules -- to obtain their pieces for the mass analysis. T...rough a heated capillary. Then they are hit by air molecules in low-energy collisions to keep the protein from folding up; then they are slammed with air molecul...

Molecules in blood foretell development of preeclampsia

...t of preeclampsia. Detecting high levels of these molecules might also help in distinguishing preeclampsia fro...e because they circulate in the bloodstream. Both molecules exist in a non-soluble form, attached to the surface of cells lining blood vessels. In this non-sol...

Clue found to Epstein-Barr virus' ability to form and sustain tumors

...asier for us to develop assays to screen for small molecules that will compete with the protein in binding to EBNA-1," Sugden says. "By preventing the cellular protein from binding with the segment, EBNA-1 will not be able to carry out its function and the tumor cells it sustains will die." The goal, which Su...

Selecting life: Scientists find new way to search for origin of life

...e played critical roles organizing, or activating, molecules that would become essential ingredients to all lif... the origin of life, notably how the first organic molecules could have formed. In fact, prebiotic synthesis processes are now thought to have been so productive...

Researchers to develop active nanoscale surfaces for biological separations

...ct as the cell's barrier to the outside world. DNA molecules move on these surfaces in two dimensions, much lik...agues recently discovered that the mobility of DNA molecules is closely coupled to the movement of the underlying lipid bilayer. "The advantage of these surfa...

BC catalyst discovery promises faster, cheaper drug production

...ncy with which biologically and medicinally active molecules can be prepared," said Prof. Hoveyda, who is also ...group so that only one enantiomer is formed. Other molecules are known to promote this important reaction, but the new catalyst is the first to control the hande...

Researchers create mouse lacking key inflammation gene

...patent the mouse, are now working on whether other molecules work in synergy with LITAF. ...

Need to pull an all-nighter?

...e role in the brain. Rosenberg speculates that the molecules that turn on nitric oxide production in glial cells (as yet undiscovered) might provide additional targets for drug development. ...

First major study of mammalian 'disorderly' proteins

..." proteins and confirmed that most of these unruly molecules perform critical functions in the cell. The St. Ju...lly unstructured proteins (IUPs), a large group of molecules that play vital roles in the daily activities of cells. The new technique for collecting and ident...

Engineered yeast speeds ethanol production

...glucose is broken down into single sugar (glucose) molecules by enzymes, then yeast ferments the glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Last year, four billion gallons of ethanol were produced from 1.43 billion bushels of corn grain (including kernels, stalks, leaves, cobs, husks) in the United States, ac...

One signal elicits thousands of answers

...ccumulated, mainly through the study of individual molecules in specific pathways. This approach may fall short though, because the cellular answer to environmental stimuli often doesn't show on the level of production but the modification of proteins after their synthesis. "Phosphorylation is the most importa...

American scientist's research of life's first cells

...l school at Harvard and plans to continue to study molecules and evolution. "The cell, as an evolutionary unit, could emerge from replicating molecules through very simple physical mechanisms," said Chen. "This work suggests that evolving higher levels...

Researchers identify new weapon to fight deadly bacterial sepsis

... the dead bacteria, mainly composed of large toxic molecules called lipopolysaccharides, which go on inducing more inflammatory immune response even though the bacteria themselves are dead." "This inflammatory response causes significant problems with cardiac contractility," Srivastava added, "and so inste...

Sports cheats beware -- new test detects previously undetectable drug

...urification, this technique can find any synacthen molecules even though its concentration is 10,000,000 less than other proteins in blood plasma. There are severe penalties for any person caught taking banned drugs. It is therefore very important that any test is able to be certain about its statement that...

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