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Tag: "molecules" at biology news

Newly identified mechanism for silencing genes points to possible anti-cancer strategies

...into protein. By tracking the associations between molecules involved in generating microRNAs and other molecules in the cell, we uncovered an entirely new pathway, one that led us to a mechanism that blocks the ce...

Left-right wiring determined by neural communication in the embryonic worm

...on channels through which cells pass many kinds of molecules and electrical signals -- that allow growing neurons on the left and right to communicate with each other, a system that dissolves as the worm develops. Every neuron in the adult C. elegans has been mapped and named. Handedness researchers are par...

Study of protein folds offers insight into metabolic evolution

...ons, breaking down or combining metabolites, small molecules that include the building blocks of all life. T...pports the hypothesis of an RNA world in which RNA molecules were among the earliest catalysts of life. This idea is based in part on the observation that RNA st...

Danish researches solve virus puzzle

...ical tweezers which can investigate and manipulate molecules at the nano-meter scale. Using a tightly focussed laserbeam this instrument can grab the ends of the RNA tether and follow the process of how the pseudoknot is mechanically unfolded. A crucial slip of the cellular motor In their investigation...

Leukemia drug turns mini-molecules up, cancer genes down

...kemia induces changes in an unusual class of small molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) in the leukemic cells. The study also shows that three of these miRNAs inhibit the action of two genes important for cancer development, helping to explain how the drug works. The drug is called all-trans-retinoic acid ...

Scientists see DNA get 'sunburned' for the first time

...ge. Transient absorption is based on the idea that molecules absorb light at specific wavelengths, and it allows researchers to study events that happen in less than a picosecond. They took specially designed strands of DNA -- ones made solely of thymine bases, in order to boost the chance of observing a re...

Gut research yields new anti-cancer approach

...limits of current treatment because the profile of molecules likely to be pumped out by drug efflux proteins is known, and at least one of the PPARgamma inhibitors does not match it. In addition, PPARgamma inhibitors do not bind to the standard tubulin-binding site that renders Taxol useless when binding sites...

Using nanomagnets to enhance medical imaging

Nanoscale magnets in the form of iron-containing molecules might be used to improve the contrast between healthy and diseased tissue in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—as long as the concentration of nanomagnets is carefully managed—according to a new report* by researchers at the National Institute of Stan...

Changes in amino acids in the 1918 influenza virus cut transmission

...human and avian strains of influenza virus. These molecules are key to initiation of infection. There are 16 d...ing of the hemagglutinin to sialic acid containing molecules in the cell surface. There are two primary ways sialic acids are associated with molecules in the ce...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

...xt step, which is inevitable, is to look for small molecules that mimic this memory-enhancing effect," he continued. "If such a pill could be generated, it might provide a new method for treating people with memory-related diseases such as Alzheimer's," said Mauro Costa-Mattioli, a senior postdoctoral fello...

Navigable nanotransport

...ues chose to use curcurbiturils. These disk-shaped molecules have a cavity at their center. As their shape rese... to the vitamin folic acid and packed these hybrid molecules into the capsule's pockets. This gave them capsules with a surface covered with folic acid molecules...

New compound prevents alcoholic behavior, relapse in animals by blocking stress response

...an be especially high. The compound or similar molecules can be given orally, reach the brain in sufficient amounts to block more than 90 percent of certain brain CRF receptors, and do not accumulate in other organs, most importantly the liver, in ways that would cause concerns about potential side effects...

New details on how the immune system recognizes influenza

...purpose of the database is to provide a catalog of molecules and structures that scientists around the world can quickly access and use to understand the immune response to a variety of epitopes, or methodically predict responses to as-yet untested targets," says Alessandro Sette, Ph.D., who heads the Vaccine ...

Scientists learn the origin of rogue B cells

...ing it incapable of causing further harm. Antibody molecules also serve as receptors on the surface of B cells. The problem occurs when the random cutting and splicing of immunoglobulin genes results in an antibody that recognizes a component of one's own body. While the body has a built-in mechanism to cor...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...xic side effects, researchers used innocuous sugar molecules such as glucose to carry butyrate into the cells. ...The researchers suspect this is because the hybrid molecules more easily penetrate the surface of the cell than the individual chemicals. Once the components are...

Loss of a universal tRNA feature reported

...n the transfer RNA molecule tRNAHis. tRNAs are the molecules responsible for decoding sequence information specified by messenger RNA molecules, information which is ultimately encoded by the DNA template. tRNAHis is the specific tRNA that assists in incorporating the amino acid histidine into new proteins. ...

Nanotechnology meets biology and DNA finds its groove

...s generally are forced to work with collections of molecules floating in solution, and there is no easy way to precisely single out individual molecules for study. Now, however, scientists have developed a quick, inexpensive and efficient method to e...

McBride shows DNA detective work with paper-eating bacteria that 'glide'

...lso may be needed to move the cellulose and chitin molecules to certain sites where they can be digested or taken into the cell. McBride hopes the complete genome for C. hutchinsonii will yield other clues to the interconnections among gliding bacteria. He is now collaborating with DOE to sequence the entire...

A genetic 'gang of 4' drives spread of breast cancer

... a technique called RNA interference, in which RNA molecules are tailored to suppress expression of target gene...tumor size and growth and metastatic risk, but the molecules and mechanisms underlying this link have remained unresolved," said Massagué. "The hypothesis we wan...

Cancer-killing invention also harvests stem cells

...s active for many weeks or months. The same TRAIL molecules can kill enormous numbers of cancer cells. A possible way to use the cancer-killing invention is to implant the device in the body before primary tumor surgery or chemotherapy. When doctors remove a primary tumor, the procedure itself can releas...

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