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Tag: "models" at biology news

Quick -- what’s that smell?

...rtant as we seek to design experiments and develop models that explain what the brain is doing in the extra time it takes to identify complex odors." Rinberg, a physicist and computational neuroscientist, comments, "The development of color television was based on extensive studies of visual sensory proc...

Pure novelty spurs the brain

...re activated by greater novelty is compatible with models of brain function "that see novelty as a motivating bonus to explore an environment in the search for reward rather than being a reward itself." Also, Bunzeck and Düzel found that novelty enhanced learning in the subjects. "Thus, the human SN/VTA c...

C-myc required by the immune system

... study. "By analyzing genetically engineered mouse models with reduced c-myc, reduced IL-15 or absent IL-15, we discovered that it's actually c-myc, which is known primarily as an oncogene, that acts downstream of the IL-15 signaling pathway to regulate T memory cell homeostasis." According to Dr. MacDonal...

The brain, traffic and nano-circuits -- e-Science takes on major challenges

...nsive, but researchers rarely record their data or models so that they can be used by other labs or research...Science tools to enable circuit designers to share models that simulate nano-component behaviour and explore the implications for circuit design. It will help...

A sweet solution for Alzheimer's disease?

...things that are very promising when done in animal models that turn out to either not work in humans or to have unexpected toxicity." A public Canadian company called Transition Therapeutics has regulatory approval for clinical trials of scyllo-inositol in humans with Alzheimer's disease and started them a...

Gut microbes' partnership helps body extract energy from food, store it as fat

... affect each other and their hosts. Gordon's lab models the interactions between friendly gut microbes and their hosts using gnotobiotic mice. These mice are raised in a manner that keeps them germ-free. They are then colonized with one or more human gut-derived microbes to study how microbial-microbial a...

3-D model reveals secrets of metastasis

...l assays, accompanied by appropriate computational models such as that also recently published by Zaman (in ...ted 3D experiments. As a result, the sophisticated models of cell movement enhance our understanding of key biological processes, including metastasis."...

Large dinosaurs were extremely hot in their day, UF study finds

...rived from fossils -- rather than from theoretical models -- to conclude that many of the larger dinosaurs were indeed warm reptiles," said Frank Seebacher, Ph.D., of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Sydney, who did not take part in the research. "These findings clearly show that mamma...

Scientists solve sour taste proteins

...aid. Future experiments using live animals as test models will be needed to answer remaining questions about taste sensation, he said. ...

Stem cells found in adult skin can be transplanted and function in mouse models of disease

...hat can be transplanted into and function in mouse models of disease. This research is reported in the June ...at can be transplanted into and function in animal models of disease." Other members of the research team included Drs. Ian McKenzie, Jeff Biernaskie and Jea...

Mapping the protein world

...tedious calculations by hand. Today macromolecular models are built by computers ?thanks to sophisticated so...for a while the only, software that could generate models to fit experimental data automatically and very accurately. It has cut down the time necessary to cr...

Making a face: A new and earlier marker of neural crest development

... "Our results are contrary to current text-book models and suggest that different modes of neural crest induction operate during development," said Martín García-Castro . "Interestingly, the one we have uncovered is related to the early, cranial neural crest cells, the only ones in higher vertebrates th...

Ecosystem services and invasive species

... studying the economic and ecological costs of two models of development in the region: converting upland forest to low-density homes and the subdivision of valley farmlands. Using tax parcel maps and GIS, the group compared the history of land use, sale price and development trajectories for two 1,500-acr...

New compound reduces stroke damage

...euroregenerative effects in a wide range of animal models mimicking Parkinson's disease, dementia, stroke, and nerve damage. Gunter Fischer and his colleagues at the Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding in Germany have now determined that neuroprotective FK506 derivatives specificall...

New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells

.... Sarvetnick's work has previously shown in animal models developed in her lab, the identification of the proteins (BMPs) described in this research is an important step for the potential application of therapies aimed at increasing a pool of cells that will become insulin-producing." ...

Lost in thought: Brain research

... "lose oneself" in an experience? Many theoretical models of the mind reject this notion, proposing that awareness is dependent on the mediation of areas involved in self representation ?a vigilant, self-aware "observer" network ?in the human brain. Prof. Rafael Malach, Ilan Golberg and Michal Harel of t...

When it comes to gene transcription, random pauses aren’t quite so random, study finds

...and probably most important kind of pause, and the models that some biochemists have been using are just wrong." What causes pauses? The study also addresses a long-standing question about enzyme memory: If an enzyme pauses at one DNA site, will it alter its behavior when it encounters the same sequenc...

What's nature worth? New computer models tell all

...ostanza and his team will create a set of computer models and tools that will give a sophisticated portrait ...red to, say, building a shopping mall there--these models will help them put a dollar value on it. If a country wants to emulate Costa Rica's program of paym...

Finding paves way for better treatment of autoimmune disease

...ee if the cell therapy will work as well in animal models for arthritis and type 1diabetes. __IMAGE_3 "Our prediction and our hope is that we can restore balance," says Dr. Iwashima. The usual 5- to 95-percent ratio of regulatory cells to non-regulatory T cells is lost in those with autoimmune disease, he ...

Molecular DNA switch found to be the same for all life

...in recognition complex (ORC). However, until now, models of the ORC proteins have lacked sufficient detail ... eukaryotes. Re-thinking will also be required for models of DNA replication that predicted initiators would have similar structures to the protein "clamps" a...

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