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Tag: "models" at biology news

Genetic pathways to curable and incurable forms of pancreatic cancer identified

...locked the genetic reason why. Using unique mouse models to mimic the progression of both forms of human pa...more aggressive behavior. "With accurate animal models of both forms of pancreatic ductal cancers now in hand, it should be possible to unravel the detaile...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...jili and his colleagues have been employing animal models of breast cancer to evaluate anti-tumor efficacy of a vaccine formulation they created. This vaccine formulation combines a heat shock protein 110 (HSP110), as an adjuvant, with a tumor antigen HER-2/neu, as a protein target expressed in breast tumor...

Vasectomy may put men at risk for type of dementia

...sulting in dementia. "There are other neurological models of disease which you can use as a parallel," Weintraub said. Certain malignant tumors produce antibodies that reach the brain and cause an illness similar to encephalitis, she noted. The next step in Weintraub's research will be to launch a nation...

Putting an old drug to a new use

... blood pressure can reverse iron overload in mouse models and has the potential to treat similar conditions in humans. Our body needs most of its iron to make red blood cells. A lack of the metal can lead to dangerous anemias, but also too much iron can be detrimental as iron promotes the formation of toxi...

Scientists sequence genome of parasite responsible for common sexually transmitted infection

...y 26,000 predicted genes as determined by computer models and previously sequenced parasitic genomes. Repetitive genes accounted for roughly 65 percent of the genome. "Parasites generally have smaller amounts of DNA than non-parasitic organisms, but in this case, there was ten times as much DNA than we o...

Scientists find potential 'off-switch' for HIV virus

...f the resistor in the circuit, as our mathematical models are strongly suggesting." Not all the molecular players are known yet, nor how their relative roles determine whether the virus becomes dormant, but Weinberger said his and Shenk's results lead them to think they are on the right track. If their t...

Is there a pilot in the insect?

...ed research. The method consists in using robotics models to test biological principles that are perceived only vaguely at the outset. These hidden forces underlying animal behavior can then be understood more exactly by permanently shuttling between biology and robotics. These principles have been trie...

Cancer vaccines -- Taking a jab at cancer by stimulating the immune system

...lready shown great promise in studies using animal models and human cells in culture, according to the researchers. The phase I trial, which will eventually enroll 24 patients with head and neck cancer, has three experimental arms, each including a DC-based vaccine containing p53-derived T cell-specific...

Bioluminescence at the service of a novel cerebral imaging technique

...ng different mutations, or in flies which serve as models for a variety of human pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or Huntingdon's chorea, or in the context of a pharmacological approach regarding addiction to different drugs (alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, etc.)....

Hofmeyr skull supports the 'Out of Africa' theory

...aran Africa has meant that these competing genetic models of human evolution could not be tested by paleontological evidence. The skull from Hofmeyr has changed that. The surprising similarity between a fossil skull from the southernmost tip of Africa and similarly ancient skulls from Europe is in agreeme...

Prenatal cocaine's lasting cellular effects

...se cocaine abusers often abuse other drugs. Animal models can help determine how prenatal cocaine exposure might influence brain development to cause these subtle cognitive impairments. "We thought that it was important to set up an animal model that recapitulates a key feature of human abuse -- that be...

No carrier necessary: This drug delivers itself

...ed,?said Prasad. “Our published data in animal models demonstrate no difference in drug activity with the nanocrystal formulation,?said Ravindra Pandey, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor of Biophysical Sciences at RPCI and a co-author on the paper. “This is a case where the easiest formulation works th...

Racing neurons control whether we stop or go

... University, said. "It also shows how mathematical models can be used to discover how the brain produces thought and action." Vanderbilt psychologists Leanne Boucher, Thomas Palmeri, Gordon Logan and Schall published the findings in the April issue of Psychological Review. The new paper uses physiolo...

Global 'sunscreen' has likely thinned, report NASA scientists

...rther simulations using one of the Goddard climate models revealed that aerosols blocking sunlight or trapping some of the sun's heat high in the atmosphere were the major driver in 20th-century global dimming. "Much of the dimming trend over the Northern Hemisphere stems from these direct aerosol effects,"...

Antarctic warming to reduce animals at base of ecosystem, shift some penguin populations southward

The warming most global climate models predict will do more harm than simply raise the se...ons points to the fact that all the global climate models predict a warming in the Antarctic and a decrease in sea ice along its margins. "Those two thing...

Inflammation may play role in metastasis of prostate cancer

...roductive," said Gonias. In research using mouse models and confirmed in human tissue, the scientists observed that a protein kinase called IkB kinasea (IKKa) turns down the expression of a single gene called Maspin, which has well-established anti-metastatic activity in breast and prostate cancers. They...

New synthetic self-assembling macromolecules mimic nature

... "These unique block copolymers can be instructive models in understanding the forces that lead to the dense packing of DNA when complexed with viruses and other polymers," he said. ...

Stopping plants from getting sick

...ants. The smut fungi represent particularly useful models to study how pathogens infect crop plants. These fungi depend on the infection of a plant to complete part of their life cycle. But once that part of their life is over, they can be removed from the plant to be studied in the laboratory. What Kron...

Lead with a poisonous electron shield

...ow applied quantum chemistry to very simple enzyme models and gained new insights. As they have reported in Angewandte Chemie, it seems that the lead's "electron shield" is the main culprit. Lead does the most damage to the nervous system, kidneys, liver, brain, and blood. These kinds of damage are especia...

Long-lived deep-sea fishes imperiled by technology, overfishing

...ns the time species need to recover. "There are models that estimate the recovery time for some rockfish species is at least 200 years," Heppell said. "And we still don't know all of the factors that influence their survival."...

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