Tag: "models" at biology news

Salty oceans provide early warning for climate change

...ng a combination of modern observations, numerical models and palaeoclimate data scientists are increasingly realising that salt is the key. Their results reveal that a build up of salty water can stimulate deep water circulation, while a diluting of the waters is linked to sluggish flow. “Salt plays a f...

Migration alert -- How tumor cells home in on the lymphatic system

...hatic microenvironment and developed computational models to calculate the gradients of the signaling molecule. The study provides the first evidence that tumor cells can both produce and use the same signaling molecule, and it highlights the significance of the biophysical environment in the vicinity o...

Penn researchers link cell's protein recycling systems

...e impairment. Taylor’s group then moved on to fly models of human neurodegenerative disease and showed that they, too, are rescued by over-expression of HDAC6. Therefore, the researchers suggest that the level of the HDAC6 in a cell regulates its sensitivity to accumulation of misfolded proteins, and th...

The mouflons of the Kerguelen archipelago

...ty increased over time, contrary to what the usual models predict. These results contradict the belief that a population descended from a small number of individuals will exhibit numerous deficiencies and reduced genetic diversity. http://www.video.uqam.ca/kerguelenmouflons The mouflon population of t...

Helping chlorine-eating bacteria clean up toxic waste

...ation of biochemical processes, to create computer models of the inner workings of the bacterium. The projec...a will go to GNS, which will try to build computer models of how the bacteria's proteins work together under each condition and whether the pathway for each c...

Male circumcision overstated as prevention tool against AIDS

... and killed. It is not surprising that computer models rarely show the virus reaching epidemic proportion...cted subset of “prostitutes” to their mathematical models does the infection spread exponentially to the general population....

Scientists close in on missing carbon sink

...al carbon sink, scientists have turned to computer models that combine worldwide wind patterns with measurem... carbon dioxide taken just above ground level. The models indicate that northern forests absorb about 2.4 billion tons per year. However, ground-based studies...

Antarctic icebergs -- Hotspots of ocean life

...tmosphere may have implications for global climate models that need to be further studied,” added Smith. To understand the icebergs’ complex impacts, the multidisciplinary team of researchers carried out the most comprehensive study ever done of individual icebergs and their immediate environment, takin...

A first -- Hebrew University scientist observes brain cell development in 'real time'

...Life Sciences at the Hebrew University, used mouse models to study how neurons, or nerve cells, develop from an undifferentiated cellular sphere into a rich and complex cell. This has great significance for the future of brain research, said Dr. Mizrahi, since "the structural and functional complexity of ne...

Lessons from the orangutans: Upright walking may have begun in the trees

...ost their whole lives in trees, making them useful models for how our ancestors moved around several million years ago. To collect the data, Thorpe spent a year living in the Sumatran rainforest and recording virtually every move the orangutans made. Then, she and her colleagues used these observations t...

Human stem cell treatment restores motor function in paralyzed rats

...his study builds on Marsala’s previous work in rat models using human neuronal stem cells, published in October 2004 in the European Journal of Neurosciences. In that study, significantly improved motor function, measured by a suppression of spastic movements and improved muscle tone, was shown in 40 to 5...

Arctic ice retreating more quickly than computer models project

...e rapidly than estimated by any of the 18 computer models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch...e the ice is disappearing faster than the computer models indicate, both observations and the models point in the same direction: the Arctic is losing ice at ...

US control strategies may make flu epidemics worse, UCLA study shows

...ng, and adaptability is decreased. While other models have determined what proportion of the population ...ated in order to prevent a pandemic, none of these models have shown whether this critical coverage can actually be reached. What has been missing, according ...

Role of noise in neurons

...er was unknown until this paper. Using detailed models of rodent and squid axons and stochastic simulations, the authors performed experiments, now published in PLoS Computational Biology, which took several months to simulate a few milliseconds of real time in the brain. They show how conduction along s...

Alien plants attack using 'resource conservation' as weapon, researchers say

... which plants should be included on the lists, but models for determining which invasive species pose the greatest threat are far from complete, Funk added. "With this new information, we can now take a look at those lists with the thought in mind that we better consider adding species that are really re...

First clinical trial of gene therapy for childhood blindness

...tics, Seattle, USA. Previous work using animal models has demonstrated that this gene therapy can improve and preserve vision. During trials, the vision of dogs with the defect was restored to the extent that they were able to walk through a maze without difficulty; something they could not do before th...

Targeting sugar on blood vessels may inhibit cancer growth

...wound healing, remained robust." Studying mouse models with a genetic alteration in an important sugar-modifying enzyme (Ndst1), the researchers saw a marked decrease in the growth of experimental carcinomas. The Ndst1 enzyme is responsible for modifying the molecular structure of a sugar called heparan...

DNA-damage test could aid drug development

...hat, for some biological processes, in vitro human models could be closer to in vivo human than in vivo mouse," notes Shuga. "That premise will be tested in coming years as new systems become available." ...

Palau's coral reefs show differential habitat recovery following the 1998 bleaching event

...rly 2003, and late 2004/early 2005. Global climate models suggest that Micronesia is particularly vulnerable to climate change over the next millennia, and will be likely subjected to repeated thermal stress events and water temperatures considerably higher than historical averages. Using und...

Dinosaur hearing, listening to muscle noise, quieter cubicles

...measured data and through comparison with existing models for predicting speech privacy. (1pAA9) SALT LA...ill present computer simulations and theoretical models that predict acoustic propagation in the atmospheres of various bodies such as Titan, Venus, and Mar...

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