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Tag: "model" at biology news

Field of beams - Novel system uses polarized light pulses to reveal crop health

...reak were used to illustrate the potential bias in model predictions. The impact of such differences on predicting the spread of new, highly transmissible diseases could be important to public health workers, said Wearing. Underestimating the transmissibility of an infection could lead to predicting inade...

Researchers identify new genes that regulate aging

...orhabditis elegans, a small worm that is used as a model organism in genetics studies. The findings are reported in the inaugural issue of PLoS Genetics. Each of the 23 genes somehow normally acts to reduce longevity, whereas inhibiting any one of them increases lifespan. For example, the worm's lifespan ...

New insights into how Huntington's disease attacks the brain

...nd a member of the Brain Research Institute. "Our model is the first to show that mutant HD proteins exert...y contribute to brain cell death in a living mouse model of Huntington's disease," said Yang. Yang's team is now trying to pinpoint which of the neighboring...

Researchers develop new method for facile identification of proteins in bacterial cells

...creased enzyme level as the bacterium consumed the model pollutant. Their study shows that this increase can be easily identified by PMF using mass spectrometry. "Our procedure simplifies the entire identification process," said David Colquhoun, MS, a doctoral fellow with the Johns Hopkins Center for a Li...

Scientists find microRNAs regulate plant development

...ced by auxin. The pattern of induction suggested a model wherein auxin induction of NAC1 mRNA is later followed by induction of the microRNA responsible for NAC1 mRNA cleavage. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression therefore appears to be an important mechanism for fine-tuning auxin signaling dur...

Novel plague virulence factor identified

...ed that the use of the common roundworm is a valid model for studying the virulence of Yersinia pestis, the... demonstrated how closely the Y. pestis-C. elegans model we developed mimics what happens when Y. pestis infects mammals," said Duke microbiologist Alejandro...

New Look at DNA Hints at Origin of UV Damage

...ed that the use of the common roundworm is a valid model for studying the virulence of Yersinia pestis, the... demonstrated how closely the Y. pestis-C. elegans model we developed mimics what happens when Y. pestis infects mammals," said Duke microbiologist Alejandro...

Assessing the Amazon River's sensitivity to deforestation

...ter, was to build the first comprehensive computer model of the Amazon River and floodplain. This model, bu...te." Currently entering a third phase of study, a model of the Amazon River and floodplain will be combined with estimates of future deforestation to unders...

Harmless virus may hold key to more effective HIV drug discovery

...iss and Olszewski found that the bacteriophage can model millions of different mutational variants of an HIV protein called Nef. Knowing how the entire population of Nef variants responds to new drugs gives researchers greater ability to identify broad-spectrum, anti-HIV compounds. This approach, Weiss sai...

Researchers seek to discover what really happens when a virus enters the body

... the montage of sub-images. Our method ?based on a model we developed that reflects the physics of fluorescent microscopy ?also estimates and corrects the effect of the microscope's uneven illumination and the markers' spectral overlap," Bell explains. As Bell and Duca are able to develop their composite...

Researchers feed tiny pills of RNA to planarians to identify genes essential for regeneration

...e established the planarian as a genetically sound model for human biology, to take its place alongside Dro...he study. The planarian makes an ideal biological model for three important reasons, according to Sánchez Alvarado. * It is amenable to genetic manipul...

Gifts from the sea

...oth relatively large, making this organism a great model for the study of vision. MBL scientists have also...ayout. MBL researchers have used the toadfish as a model for research into neurotransmission; certain hearing and balance disorders, including Meniere's dise...

Spiders help scientists discover how muscles relax

...k filaments are activated." The details of their model permitted the researchers to explain how, in relax...nd striated muscle and among varied species. "This model is applicable across the whole animal kingdom and all muscle types, and that's exciting," he remarke...

VCU study shows hormone-like molecule kills cells that cause inflammation in allergic disease

... induces death of developing mast cells in a mouse model system. Although IFNγ induced cell death in developing mast cells, it did not affect the survival of mast cells that had already undergone differentiation. "We believe that cytokines, such as interferon gamma, are an important means of control...

Climate model links higher temperatures to prehistoric extinction

... induces death of developing mast cells in a mouse model system. Although IFNγ induced cell death in developing mast cells, it did not affect the survival of mast cells that had already undergone differentiation. "We believe that cytokines, such as interferon gamma, are an important means of control...

Most common lung cancers may begin in newly discovered cells

...s, it also heralds the arrival of a valuable mouse model for identifying those cells that should be the tar...rmal stem cells." Bender Kim started with a mouse model of non-small cell adenocarcinoma recently developed by another postdoc and graduate student in Jacks...

Micro-molecule plays big role in birth defects

...emia develops," Harfe said. "We envision our mouse model may be a tool to directly test how microRNAs are involved in human cancers." ...

Microreactor efficiently regenerates cofactors for biocatalysis

...ng their microreactor, the researchers performed a model biocatalytic process by converting an achiral substrate (pyruvate) into a chiral product (L-lactate), using lactate dehydrogenase as the enzyme. While further research is needed to improve the performance of individual microreactors, the present wor...

Gene therapy advance treats hemophilia in mouse models

...minish dramatically," McCray said. "In the mouse model in our study, we were able to achieve levels of gene expression that converted the hemophilia A in the mouse from a severe to a mild form. The correction lasted 30 weeks -- the duration of the study," he added. One of the current treatments for hemo...

Researchers devise new technique for creating human stem cells

...ed by disease or trauma. Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can...

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