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Tag: "model" at biology news

An (ecological) origin of species for tropical reef fish

... thousands of miles away. An ecological speciation model for coral reef organisms may spur the development of a more synthetic treatment of speciation on land and sea. Coral reefs, like tropical forests, express an extreme of life's capacity for variation. Yet high biodiversity in tropical seas foil evolu...

Rabies spread speeds up

... Biology, Real and colleagues apply a mathematical model to predict the likely spread of rabies across Ohio...ia or West Virginia border but also adjusted their model to estimate the potential impact of long distant translocations, such as the occasional garbage truc...

Scientists identify genes responsible for 'black rot' disease in vegetables

...baga, and turnip, are potential hosts for Xcc. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is also susceptible to Xcc infection. Surprisingly, however, some wild cruciferous weed species do not manifest the characteristic symptoms of "black rot" disease when infected. To date, there is no effective treatment for...

DOE JGI launches IMG public online microbial genome data clearinghouse

...cts devoted to microbes and microbial communities, model system vertebrates, aquatic organisms, and plants. Established in 1997, DOE JGI now unites the expertise of four national laboratories, Lawrence Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, and Oak Ridge, along with the Stanford Human Genome Center to a...

B cells are required for development of epithelial cancer associated with chronic inflammation

...ersity of California at San Francisco used a mouse model of inflammation-associated skin cancer to study th...Genetic elimination of T and B lymphocytes in this model system resulted in a failure to recruit innate white blood cells to premalignant skin and an absence...

Researchers test new therapy for advanced melanoma

...ation of a gene transfer technology from an animal model to the patient. Dr. Heller's team worked extensively with Dr. Daud to adapt the electroporation technique used on mice to humans. The researchers injected the DNA plasmid, which encodes a gene that stimulates the immune system, directly into the tum...

Scientists use manufacturing methods to reconstruct mastodon

... can generate the missing bone by making a digital model of the one we have, reflecting it on the computer and then producing a physical prototype of the reflected model," Fisher said. "Compared to all of the previous approaches, digitizing and rapid prototyping are no more expensive, require much less lab...

U. Iowa researchers improve Huntington's disease symptoms in mice

...on and their colleagues used RNAi to treat a mouse model of HD. Viral vectors (stripped-down viruses) carry...n. The genetically engineered or transgenic mouse model used by the UI team carries a section of the human HD gene. These mice quickly develop movement and ...

Determining The Fate Of Cells In The Human Body

...available online) of Nature Genetics establishes a model that may take scientists closer to understanding how cells in the human body determine their own fate. Researchers, led by Anthony Firulli, Ph.D., associate professor of pediatrics and of medical and molecular genetics at the Indiana University Scho...

Understanding how bacteria communicate may help scientists prevent disease

...ni. While Kulkarni works with Vibrio cholerae as a model bacteria, quorum sensing appears to be a universal process in bacteria. So what he learns about the communication process known as quorum sensing could one day help scientists prevent a broad range of diseases caused by bacteria that are human pathog...

Best research work in the area of wine growing

.... Nevertheless, the researchers pointed out, "this model of study does not fit in well with the conditions that are produced on the land, where periods of stress alternate with others of recuperation through irrigation or rainfall". The communiqué continues, "the level of recovery of the photosynthetic ac...

Unique library of plant genes germinates, takes root at UNC

...ble to leverage the information from the tractable model systems that scientists already know so much about. "We will continue to add new features to Phytome over the next few years," Vision said. "Perhaps the most important will be the ability to compare the genetic maps of multiple species simultaneousl...

The first impact factor for PLoS Biology ?13.9

...old, from a new publisher promoting a new business model that supports open access to the scientific and medical literature. An impact factor of 13.9 places PLoS Biology above such established journals as EMBO Journal, Current Biology, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In fact, in I...

Ancient DNA helps clarify the origins of two extinct New World horse species

... are different species." If true, the study's new model could provide a tool for exploring how environmental adaptations give rise to morphological variation. ### Citation: Weinstock J, Willerslev E, Sher A, Tong W, Ho SYW, et al. (2005) Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses i...

Vitamin A's paradoxical role in influencing symmetry during embryonic development revealed

...asymmetrically. In research with zebra fish, as a model for human biology, Juan-Carlos Belmonte and his Salk Institute colleagues found that retinoic acid (vitamin A) is the signal that buffers the influence of asymmetric cues in early-stage embryonic stem cells and allows these cells to develop symmetric...

Cancer drug slows poxvirus in mice

.... This finding, if confirmed in additional animal model studies, suggests that Gleevec might play a role in addressing a public health emergency in the event of a smallpox outbreak, Dr. Kalman says. Specifically, Gleevec might be useful as a preventative against adverse effects of smallpox vaccine, enabli...

Critical step traced in anthrax infection

... the testing procedures. Both cellular systems and model electrophysiological membrane systems were used to test the potency of the anthrax toxin. "We tried to bridge reductionist science with the in vivo situation ?we have to do both to make correlations," he said. The researchers, who were funded by the...

Genome study of beneficial microbe may help boost plant health

...nd the world have used this strain as a laboratory model to study beneficial microbes. Paulsen says the P. fluorescens project also pioneered a new methodology. This novel approach relies on the analysis of repeated regions of the DNA sequence to help identify segments of the genome that appear to have be...

Random gene expression may drive HIV into hiding

... Weinberger, Arkin, and their colleagues created a model HIV-1 vector--a virus that could enter human cells...r hypotheses and then created computer programs to model what would happen to the virus under different cellular conditions. Of the 16 models they tested, o...

MIT engineers an anti-cancer smart bomb

...y releases the chemotherapy. The team tested this model in mice. The double-loaded nanocell shrank the tum...d to tweak the design for different cancers. "This model enables us to rationally and systematically evaluate drug combinations and loading mechanisms," says...

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