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Tag: "model" at biology news

Artifical cornea lets woman blind 20 years see

...t. The next step depends on the artificial cornea model being used, but typically includes connecting a front plate to a back plate with the donor cornea tissue sandwiched in between. The surgeon then removes most of the damaged cornea from the patient's eye so that the new prosthesis can be sewn into pla...

Supercomputer Dedicated To Bioengineering, Computational Biology Installed

...'s new cluster computer. "No single computational model spans all these biological scales, but this powerful new cluster will enable us to integrate models over many of these scales, which will make it possible for us to predict, in some cases, the clinical consequences of specific genetic mutations or bi...

Hirsute Or Hairless? Two Proteins May Spell The Difference

...nsability of hair follicles makes them the perfect model system for studying this question—specifically, how structures and organs develop from buds. In a new study, Elaine Fuchs and colleagues use a three-pronged approach—involving gene expression analysis, transgenic mice, and cell cultures—to study how ...

Programmable cells: Engineer turns bacteria into living computers

...ilt the network from scratch, we should be able to model all the important details," he said. At some point in the future, he said, scientists will be able to choose a behavior they want from cells, and a computer program will create a genetic circuit to accomplish the task. "Then we can do an experiment t...

Gene Signatures Predict Interferon Response For Multiple Sclerosis Patients

..., Sergio Baranzini et al. describe a computational model that can predict a patient's therapeutic response to interferon based on their gene expression profiles. Immune cells typically secrete interferons to fend off viruses and other pathogens. Interferons stem viral infection by inhibiting cell division...

Probing the promise and perils of nanoparticles

...Both Leroueil's work and the earlier research used model membranes to probe the effects of nanoparticles. N...cells. "Just because we see hole formation in the model system doesn't mean that it really happens in the cell," said Banaszak Holl. But early results of ex...

Viral protein influences key cell-signaling pathway

...rmore and his colleagues tried to infect an animal model with an HTLV-1 that lacked the p12 gene, and it stopped the virus from replicating almost entirely. "That told us this gene was important," he says. Subsequent research led by Lairmore showed that the p12 protein travels to the network of membranes...

No relief for Pacific Northwest drought

...e a bit of the nation, but for various reasons our model didn't really suggest a bad fire year for 2004, and in fact it was a pretty mild year," Lenihan said. "That was fortunate, because there's some evidence that the low-risk fire years are more difficult to predict than those with higher risk," he said...

A human parasite with a streamlined mitochondrion

...itochondrion yet described, and thus it provides a model system for probing which mitochondrial functions are truly essential for eukaryotic cells. ...

Researchers discover chemical compounds that affect plant growth

...tive chemicals and their targets identified in the model plant, Arabidopsis, can be used in non-model species to improve agronomic traits and increase crop value," said research team leader, Distinguished Professor of Plant Cell Biology Natasha Raikhel. The team published its findings in this week's issue...

Single stem cells from bone heal a broken heart

...arge population, they were transplanted into a rat model of myocardial infarction. This improved cardiac function because the cells stimulated release of growth factors and anti-apoptotic agents that, in turn, increased the proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes and enhanced survival of host myocardium....

Gray wolves maintain the food chain in winter

...m the past 50 years to establish winter trends and model wolves' impact on the fate of resident scavengers faced with a changing climate. Their models show that wolf kills temper the potentially devastating effects of climate-related carrion shortages on scavengers. Unlike mountain lions and grizzly bears,...

Computational Method Speeds Mapping of Cell Signaling Networks

...lacked are the experimental and computing tools to model entire signaling networks at once. This new work should help bridge that gap. Human T-cells--the system Nolan and Lauffenburger's team used to validate their technique--rely on a complex signaling network to protect the body from pathogens such as v...

Researchers find new genes necessary to make embryo

...pecies whose genome was completely sequenced and a model organism to study how embryos develop. Using RNA interference (RNAi), a method for identifying the function of genes, the researchers almost double previous estimates of how many genes are required to make an embryo. Their study focused on the genes ...

New insight into regulation of blood stem cells

...tem cell therapy and to provide important in vitro model systems for the identification of genes and compounds that can be used to regulate the process of stem cell differentiation." ...

New drug shows promise as powerful anticancer agent

..., is a potent inhibitor of human tumors in a mouse model system and has low toxicity. The results of this study have led to clinical evaluation of this compound in phase I clinical trials. Plk1 is a molecule that plays a key role in driving cell division. High levels of Plk1 have been observed in many hum...

Birds brains reveal source of songs

...trial-and-error type of learning provides an ideal model for studying similar processes in humans, such as how a baby's babble takes on the conversational cadences and recognizable syllables of mama and papa. Likewise, the brain pathways involved in birdsong have a human counterpart, the poorly understood ...

Buying Time Through Hibernation on Demand

...ty to induce ?and reverse ?metabolic quiescence in model organisms could have dramatic implications for med...olically arrest ?and subsequently re-animate ?such model organisms as yeast and worms, as well as the embryos of fruit flies and zebrafish. In each case the...

U-M team recovers ancient whale in Egyptian desert

...ty to induce ?and reverse ?metabolic quiescence in model organisms could have dramatic implications for med...olically arrest ?and subsequently re-animate ?such model organisms as yeast and worms, as well as the embryos of fruit flies and zebrafish. In each case the...

Researchers uncover sequence of major rice pathogen

...ctive pathogen of rice worldwide and the principal model organism for elucidating the molecular basis of fungal disease of plants. Here, we report the draft sequence of the M. grisea genome. Analysis of the gene set provides an insight into the adaptations required by a fungus to cause disease. The genome ...

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