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Tag: "mitochondrial" at biology news

Rhesus monkeys in Nepal may provide new alternative for HIV/AIDS research

...acaques. The researchers did sequence analyses of mitochondrial DNA and examined the distribution of certain types of alleles, or pairs of genes, for genetic variations distributed across 17 chromosomes. They also looked for the presence of other alleles that are known to influence immunity and the rate of diseas...

ABCB6 is key to production of heme in hemoglobin

...said. The team found that the increase in ABCB6 in mitochondrial membranes caused the cells to make more porphyrin, the building block of heme. "Any disruption of this relationship can cause serious problems in the cell by altering levels of heme or porphyrins," Schuetz said. Armed with this new information, rese...

Reversing 'hibernating' heart muscle focus of UB researchers

... undertake concurrent physiological, proteomic and mitochondrial functional studies in the swine model that will be...mans. Proteomic profiling will identify candidate mitochondrial proteins in the swine with established viable dysfunctional myocardium that do not have significant ...

New study shows antibiotic may protect the heart

...h. Researchers believe through the opening of the mitochondrial KATP channel of heart cells, rapamycin enables cells to maintain ATP levels. Mitochondria are cellular organelles critical for converting oxygen into ATP, the key fuel for cellular function. "Rapamycin may one day be beneficial as a potential therap...

Researchers attack tumor cells by exploiting dependency on sugar metabolism

...and the interplay between glycolytic phenotype and mitochondrial metabolism. The researchers used a sophisticated g...t and lung cancers. Inhibition of LDH-A stimulated mitochondrial function and drastically compromised the ability of the tumor cells to proliferate in low oxygen con...

Study details hepatitis C ability to block immune system response

...on. One of the intermediaries in that cascade is a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). HCV blocks the production of type1 interferon by using its protease activity to destroy MAVS. By preventing infected cells from producing interferon, the virus inhibits the body's immune response against HCV, enabl...

New egg freezing technique offers hope to hundreds of women

... type and amount of the damage; alterations in the mitochondrial organisation can be very subtle and deserve to be further investigated by transmission electron microscopy." Professor Arne Sunde, former chairman of ESHRE, said: "Cryopreservation of human semen and embryos has been a routine procedure since the ea...

Computational model simulates AZT metabolism in mitochondria

...nisms to see which ones could actually lead to the mitochondrial defects found in AIDS patients." He added: "It is ...at the triphosphorylated form of AZT can enter the mitochondrial matrix, the inner core of the mitochondrion, and disrupt the replication of mitochondrial DNA by pre...

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing tool updated

... the first time rapidly and reliably sequences all mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria, the energy-producing organelle...hip will be a key tool in accelerating research on mitochondrial DNA, a growing area of scientific interest. This interest stems from data that suggests natural seq...

Attacking cancer's sweet tooth is effective strategy against tumors

...olysis, but it was not clear if the glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways were connected in this fashion. It appe...ough the knock down of LDHA), they could lower the mitochondrial membrane potential of tumor cells. What is more, oxygen consumption increased in the knockdown cells...

First direct mechanical communication of mitochondria, cardiomyocyte nucleus shown

...cted phenomenon: various substances which increase mitochondrial size, also increased contractile force of cardiac ...," or myofibrils. This effect isn't related to the mitochondrial energy production, they noted, and so a hypothesis was developed that "there might be in cardiac cel...

Biomarkers may hone anti-aging therapies

...ia and decreased energetic capacity resulting from mitochondrial DNA mutations, Sligh explained. In addition, mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with tumor development. "We initiated this project with the idea that perh...

Chocolate milk could be key to longer, healthier life

...erobic exercise can also increase the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins which affect our ability to make energy and play a large role in our mortality. "We know of course that exercise has a wide variety of health benefits, but our research specifically targets mitochondria since they are a cause of age-related...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...searchers found deliberately shuts off the cell's mitochondrial combustion engine, which scientists had long - and...xygen conditions, apparently to protect cells from mitochondrial toxic oxygen pollutants," said Chi Van Dang, M.D., Ph.D., professor of medicine, cell biology, oncol...

World Trade Center identifications pushed forensic DNA technology

...totyping and SNPs. Mitotyping involves looking at mitochondrial DNA, DNA inherited only from the mother, and comparing it to a standard reference. While mitochondrial DNA is not unique -- entire maternal ancestry lines share the same mtDNA -- it, along with STR, coul...

Protein translation in sperm

... during the capacitation phase. They identify that mitochondrial translation machinery (as opposed to cytoplasmic) directs translation of nuclear-encoded genes in sperm, and that its inhibition leads to a marked decrease in sperm motility, actin polymerization, the acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization rate...

Lactic acid not athlete's poison, but an energy source - if you know how to use it

... cytoplasm, where lactate is produced, through the mitochondrial membrane into the interior of the mitochondria, wh...e enzymes that burn lactate. In fact, the cellular mitochondrial network, or reticulum, has a complex of proteins that allow the uptake and oxidation, or burning, of...

Three new species of lemurs identified

...file, called a 'karyotype', or the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The team analysed the karyotypes of 99 individuals from all currently recognised species of lemur and the cytochrome b gene was sequenced in 68 individuals. From the karyotypic profiles, Andriaholinirina et al. could identify indi...

Why the Amazon rainforest is so rich in species

...t Alaine Whinnett tested the "DNA clock" using the mitochondrial DNA of nine different butterfly species groups [genera] on the eastern side of the Andes in Eastern Peru. By using a "DNA clock" the scientists were able to calculate the age of the species within each group of species. If the DNA is similar between ...

Researchers uncover mechanisms of estrogen in promoting cell death in breast cancer

...of cell mitochondria, led to depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and stimulated the release of a molecule called cytochrome c into the cell's interior, where it could activate several cellular enzymes, called caspases, which in turn initiate cell degradation. They also found that estradiol caused complet...

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