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Tag: "millions" at biology news

Chemical guidance of T cells leads to immunologic memory and long-term immunity

...hony S. Fauci, M.D. The body contains hundreds of millions of CD8+ T cells, but only a tiny fraction of them become activated during an infection. These are selected because each CD8+ T cell carries a unique surface protein called a T-cell receptor, which recognizes only specific antigens (pieces of virus or...

First SCID gene chip to be introduced at Academy meeting on immunodeficiencies

...a group of life threatening disorders that afflict millions of people in the U.S. and around the world. Public awareness of the disorder increased with the release of the film "The Boy in the Plastic Bubble" starring John Travolta as a child stricken with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) who lived in...

Warming trend may contribute to malaria's rise

...ts of the world, malaria still affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and has been on the rise in some highland regions and desert fringes. Because the life cycle of the mosquito that transmits malaria and the microorganism that causes the disease are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature, s...

Ocean virus identified in human blood samples

... hemorrhagic disease and hepatitis that has killed millions of rabbits across four continents in the past 20 years. In more than 30 years of research, part of what has been found to be unusual about caliciviruses is that they can cause multiple diseases and affect a broad range of marine and terrestrial anim...

Invasive species harms native hardwoods by killing soil fungus

...fragile ecological relationships that evolved over millions of years." Stinson and her colleagues found that garlic mustard targets arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which form mutually beneficial relationships with many forest trees. These fungi have long filaments that penetrate the roots of plants, form...

Predicting success

...ay, in the future, influence treatment regimes for millions of cancer patients. Intravenous infusions rely on the bloodstream to carry drugs to where they are needed. Normally, a material such as a chemotherapy drug crosses into a tissue on the principle of concentration equalization ?the material diffuses ...

Common bacteria pirate natural mechanism to get inside cells

...ers say. These pathogens gain entry the same way millions of receptors on the cell's surface routinely do af... off," he says of the process that is ongoing with millions of receptors on the cell surface. "Adding nitric oxide to dynamin changes it from an inactive prote...

Birds that make teeth

...ost organs--in this case, teeth--can be maintained millions of years after the last known ancestor possessed t... indicate that even though modern birds lost teeth millions of years ago, the potential to form them persists. ...

Climate change: The rice genome to the rescue

...d's population while providing vital employment to millions as well, with most of them being very poor and vul...arch has shown that even one drought year can push millions of rice farmers back below the poverty line. This affects the whole family for many years after the...

Sweetgum tree could help lessen shortage of bird flu drug

... flu pandemic that some experts predict could kill millions ?if the virus mutates into a form that can spread from person to person. The virus, a strain known as H5N1, primarily afflicts birds at present but has been known to kill a small but growing number of humans who have had close contact with infected b...

Simple idea to dramatically improve dengue vaccinations

...e the cells are selected, they are produced by the millions and sent out to clear the infection. After the infection is gone, thousands of these pre-programmed T-cells remain in the body, lying in wait should the disease return. In recent years, public health officials have documented the disturbing co-exist...

Clawed frog helps Fanconi anemia research make leaps

...i proteins are hard to detect, so you have to grow millions of cells over long periods of time to collect enough to study," she said. "The other problem is that cultured human cells are at all different stages of the cell cycle. The bulk of the cells are not rapidly dividing, and it's only when cells are divi...

Ancient DNA helps UF researchers unearth potential hemophilia therapy

...strand of DNA that has quietly existed in fish for millions of years, the researchers replaced the faulty gene responsible for the disease in neonatal mice, according to findings published online this month in the journal Molecular Therapy. "The degree to which these patients have problems from hemophilia st...

Diabetes researchers pioneer islet cell xenotransplantation in primate studies

...s. Korbutt and Rajotte. "To meet the needs of the millions suffering from type 1 diabetes, we must find new donor sources to allow large-scale application of islet cell transplantation in humans," said Dr. Larsen. "While there is much work to be done these studies suggest that the rejection response to porci...

Study shows AIDS drugs cost-effective, care underfunded

...or HIV patients" ?a burden that can range into the millions of dollars, he said. These treatment providers' necessary reliance on federal assistance "underscores the tremendous need for reauthorization of the Ryan White CARE Act with increased resources allocated for reimbursement of medical care, which is no...

MRSA use amoeba to spread, new research shows

...rring with single-celled organisms like amoeba for millions of years. Because our human cells are very similar to these primitive, single-celled organisms, they have acquired the skills to attack us". For these reasons, such primitive cells are being used to replace animals for many kinds of biological test...

MicroRNA may have fail-safe role in limb development

...s were considered to be "junk" DNA, leftovers from millions of years of evolution. More recently, this genetic material is suspected to be part of an intricate mechanism that helps repress about one-third of our 25,000 genes. It has been linked to diabetes, hepatitis C, leukemia, lymphoma and breast cancer. ...

Picking particles faster than one at a time

...ach orientation." These must be chosen from many millions of candidates, and each must show the whole particle and nothing but the particle. A typical micrograph may show fifteen hundred or more particles, but picking them out isn't easy. The microscope's electron beam has to be kept at low power to prevent...

Needle-free immunizations

...nsafe use of the needles used in injections causes millions of cases of hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and thousands of HIV infections. The World Health Organization has estimated that as many as one-third of immunization injections are unsafe in four of it six geographical regions. In a paper published toda...

Study finds that nutritionally enhanced rice reduces iron deficiency

...ttle." The United Nations and other donors spend millions of dollars a year on iron supplements and other st...n Revolution and one that is desperately needed by millions of the world's poor and undernourished." ...

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