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Tag: "millions" at biology news

Convergent evolution of molecules in electric fish

... It's no longer able to turn-on in a cell that for millions of years it turned on in, and now it's turning-on in this new organ." When the research team looked at the sodium channel protein sequences, they found that some of the mutations occurred at the same or very close to sites in the protein where mutat...

Is the brain wired for faces?

...h could someday lead to targeted therapies for the millions of people who suffer from these disorders. "The findings are exciting because we are now going to apply this technique to probe the neural bases of face perception deficits in autism," Riesenhuber said. Because humans are so talented in recognizing...

Don't hold your breath: Carp can manage without oxygen for months

...volution has solved the problem of anoxic survival millions of years ago, something that medical science has struggled with for decades with limited success", says Professor Göran Nilsson who will be presenting his latest results at the Annual Meeting for the Society for Experimental Biology on Friday 7th Apr...

One fish, two fish: New MIT sensor improves fish counts

...nd determined that they were seeing fish - tens of millions of fish. This marks the first time scientists have been able to see the patterns formed by large fish populations. Makris found that fish often congregate in an hourglass pattern, also found among other animals, with a thin "bridge" connecting the t...

Efficiency, not more doctors, is the prescription for aging population

...he need to train additional physicians. "Spending millions of dollars annually to expand our capacity to train physicians will not only create an oversupply, but will also divert health care dollars from care that has been shown to improve the health and wellbeing of patients," said Goodman, professor of com...

Study reveals classic symbiotic relationship between ants, bacteria

...tes have likely been evolving together for tens of millions of years. "Every ant species [that we have examin...urring since very early on, apparently for tens of millions of years." Furthermore, Currie adds, the fact that the species have coexisted for so long means the...

Researchers discover way to transport environmental arsenic to plant leaves in new clean-up strategy

...e harvested--and has the potential to be of use on millions of acres of arsenic-polluted lands worldwide. In research reported in 2002 in Nature Biotechnology, Meagher's team inserted two unrelated genes from the bacterium E. coli called arsC and ECS into Arabidopsis, a model lab plant and small member of th...

Scientists force viruses to evolve as better delivery vehicles for gene therapy

Viruses and humans have evolved together over millions of years in a game of one-upmanship that, often as not, left humans sick or worse. Now, a University of California, Berkeley, researcher has shown that viruses - in this case, a benign one - can be forced to evolve in ways to benefit humans. The ad...

Rewind, please: Nature paper shows that cell division is reversible

...y, in fact, be reversible." Cell division occurs millions of times each day in the human body and is essential to life itself. In the lab, Gorbsky and his OMRF colleagues were able to control the protein responsible for the division process, interrupt and reverse the event, sending duplicate chromosomes bac...

Sociality of sweat bees evolved simultaneously during climate change

... represent the phylogeny in terms of a timeline in millions of years. In 2002 and 2004, Danforth showed that the social evolution of the various species of halictid bees arose multiple times independently. The study on the timing of that social evolution, however, began as an honors thesis for former Cornell...

The giant protein titin helps build muscles

...l Nature. Under the microscope, muscle looks like millions of tiny pistons, stacked end-to-end into long rows. These structures, called sarcomeres, permit the contraction and relaxation of muscle that allow our bodies to move. Sarcomeres are connected at the ends by Z-disks, thick bands of densely-packed mol...

New mechanism for essential genome-wide gene silencing identified

...anges in life forms that diverged during evolution millions of years ago. "In our experiments, we saw SUMO binding to histones across the genome, suggesting that if this mechanism went wrong, it could have a dramatic effect," says Berger. "We know, for example, that histones are important in a number of canc...

Exposure to volcanic mineral associated with increased mesothelioma incidence in Turkey

...d, "In the rural part of central Anatolia, Turkey, millions of inhibitants are likely exposed to hazardous amounts of mineral fibers from the environment. Resources should therefore be directed to preventing these environmental exposures and additional study of the association between environmental exposure t...

Researchers now able to look deep into heart to view triggers of a heart's beat

...tructures they have, and it implies that among the millions of other species there must be cellular mechanisms we haven't even imagined." Centrosomes help orchestrate cell division, building an apparatus of microtubules called the mitotic spindle, which pulls apart the duplicated chromosomes so that each of ...

Insects that produce males from unfertilized eggs reveal a surprising cellular feat

...tructures they have, and it implies that among the millions of other species there must be cellular mechanisms we haven't even imagined." Centrosomes help orchestrate cell division, building an apparatus of microtubules called the mitotic spindle, which pulls apart the duplicated chromosomes so that each of ...

Cracking the genetic code for control of gene expression

... the sequence, the genomic DNA is merely a list of millions and millions of base pairs, A's, C's, G's and T's one after the other. Based on the universal code by which DNA ...

Sun protection for plants

... therefore productivity, in staple crops that feed millions in parts of the world where environmental conditions can be particularly harsh." Professor Horton continued, "To fully apply this research to improving the productivity of crops we need to understand how these processes relate to plant growth and de...

Stanford/Packard scientist's data-mining technique strikes genetic gold

..., they used the powerful technique to sift through millions of bits of unrelated information - in this case, gene expression data from so-called microarray experiments - to pinpoint genes likely to be involved in leukemia, aging, injury and muscle development. "This is just the tip of the iceberg," said bioi...

Carbon cycle was already disrupted millions of years ago

...her Yvonne van Breugel analysed rocks from seabeds millions of years old. Carbon occurs naturally in two stable forms; atomic mass 12 (99 percent) and atomic mass 13 (1 percent). Episodes in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were characterised by a relatively strong increase in 12C. The analyses have shown ...

Neuroscientists discover new cell type that may help brain maintain memories of smells

...odor molecules in the air interact with one of the millions of specialized olfactory sensory neurons in the nose. These sensory neurons then send signals to a brain region called the olfactory bulb, where the work of recognizing the odor begins. One of the puzzling aspects of olfaction is how our perceptio...

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