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Tag: "metabolism" at biology news

Insulin receptor stops progression of Alzheimer's disease

..., it leads to increased oxidative stress, impaired metabolism and cell death ?all causing neurodegeneration. Scientists were also previously able to replicate Alzheimer's in rats with Streptozotocin (STZ), a compound that is known to destroy insulin producing cells in the pancreas and cause diabetes. When inje...

U of MN researchers find novel genes critical in organ development

...l development, formation of the eyes and ears, and metabolism of lipids, or fats. In addition, instead of just examining what happens with one specific gene if it is turned on or off, they were able to directly compare the effects of removing different genes on organ formation and function. "The differen...

Age-related changes in DNA repair illuminate the connection between age and genetic damage

... damage--which occurs normally as a result of cell metabolism and environmental influences--and the various ways in which cells repair that damage. In the new work, researchers found that cells in young fruit flies make use of a different mix of molecular DNA-repair mechanisms compared to cells in older flies. ...

Smoking changes brain chemistry

... complied. Proton MRS is able to measure brain metabolism at the cellular level and can provide detailed chemical data about the brain's metabolites, which are involved in many physical and chemical processes within the body. The researchers compared the data collected from the smokers to proton MRS dat...

What animals can tell us about hemorrhage, organ transplants and aging

...should be because ROS are generated during aerobic metabolism as we use oxygen. But birds, which have a very high metabolic rate, live much longer than most similar-sized mammals with a lower metabolic rate. A study of birds, bats and rodents finds differences within their cells that may help explain the longer...

New mechanism explains glucose effect on wakefulness

... new insights into how the brain tunes arousal and metabolism according to body-energy levels." ...

Bacterial 'switch gene' regulates how oceans emit sulfur into atmosphere

...s breakthrough in the microbial physiology of DMSP metabolism opens the door to understanding the biology and ecology of this globally important process," said William Whitman, a microbiologist at the University of Georgia and co-author of the Science paper. The discovery of a bacterial gene switch in these two...

Eat less, weigh more? Enzyme makes lean mice 'susceptible' to dietary fat

...bly in the region that controls hunger, thirst and metabolism - the hypothalamus. Proteins similar to CPT1c are known to help break down fat to release energy to feed cells. Mice lacking the CPT1c gene are the same length as their littermates who carry normal copies of the gene but on average weigh 15 percent...

Gut reaction: Researchers define the colon's genome

...nce of beneficial microbes, can trigger defects in metabolism and development of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease." As in studies of other animals, the scientists began by collecting droppings. They collected fecal samples from two anonymous, healthy adults who'd gone without antibiotics or other m...

Diabetes research takes wing thanks to long-lived fruit fly

...ulin, preparing the body for stress by slowing its metabolism and limiting its energy output. It might also offer a new way to control insulin production. Like JNK, the insulin receptor is also involved in determining life span. Caloric restriction ?limiting the calories an organism ingests ?generally increase...

Gene linked to rare disease activates fat breakdown

...ngs elucidate the mechanism underlying healthy fat metabolism and explain why people with the genetic condition ...how CGI-58 activation of the lipase affects energy metabolism in various tissues. As disruption of the equilibrium of lipid synthesis and degradation can result i...

Variations in detoxifying genes linked to Lou Gehrig's disease

... production of detoxifying enzymes involved in the metabolism of a variety of drugs, organophosphate insecticides, such as parathion, diazinon and chlorpyrifos, and nerve gas agents such as sarin. Previous research described a possible twofold increased risk for developing ALS in veterans of the Gulf War, ind...

UCLA study finds same genes act differently in males and females

... example, the expression of genes involved in drug metabolism differed by sex. The findings imply that male and female livers function the same, but work at different rates. "Our findings in the liver may explain why men and women respond differently to the same drug," noted Lusis. "Studies show that aspirin...

Researchers attack tumor cells by exploiting dependency on sugar metabolism

...st that inhibition of a specific aspect of glucose metabolism may represent an attractive and potentially well-t...s. These data suggest that alterations in glucose metabolism in cancer cells are linked with changes in mitochondrial physiology and that LDH-A plays a critical ...

Methane-belching bugs inspire a new theory of the origin of life on Earth

...istry may harbor the molecular fossil of the first metabolism on Earth. While other microbes make methane from ... have evolved into a free-living cell, and how the metabolism of acetate to methane could have evolved based on the pathways they discovered. The genomic and prot...

Scientists take 'snapshots' of enzyme action

...iminated and what goes wrong in cases where normal metabolism fails. The research will be published online the week of June 12, 2006, by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. According to Brookhaven biologists Eswaramoorthy Subramaniam, the lead author, and Subramanyam Swaminathan, who led the r...

Large dinosaurs were extremely hot in their day, UF study finds

...aurs were cold-blooded, or ectotherms, with a slow metabolism that required the sun's heat to regulate temperature. But in the late 1960s, the notion emerged that dinosaurs, like mammals and birds, might have been warm-blooded, or endotherms, with relatively constant, high body temperatures that were internally...

Adult stem cell research at UB targets damaged hearts

...eries adapt to this deprivation by down-regulating metabolism while remaining functionally viable. Previous work in UB's Center for Cardiovascular Research employing the center's novel swine model of hibernating myocardium has shown that restoring normal blood flow to these "hibernating" regions improves func...

Natural vitamin E tocotrienol reaches blood at protective levels

...als are potentially damaging by-products of energy metabolism that can damage cells and are implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The tocopherol, or most common, form of vitamin E is known for its antioxidant properties. In previous studies, the scientists found that moderate or...

Blood test predicts success of quitting smoking using the nicotine patch

...cotine among 480 smokers. A high ratio meant rapid metabolism of nicotine, which was associated with higher amou...use the subjects were able to compensate for rapid metabolism of nicotine by using the spray more often." "If a prospective study replicates these results, we wi...

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