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Tag: "messenger" at biology news

Infected for life

...AD-3. The LAT miRNA binds to specific sequences of messenger RNA from these two genes and causes them to be degraded. Thus, the amount of TGF-b and SMAD-3 protein is reduced in the cell and apoptosis is prevented. Because the latent virus is not producing any viral proteins the immune system of the infected i...

Researchers find 'secret weapon' used by SARS virus

...st viruses. "The SARS nsp1 protein degrades the messenger RNA instructions sent from DNA to make interferon ...SARS coronavirus that lacks the ability to degrade messenger RNA, which could ultimately lead to the creation of a live attenuated vaccine for SARS." Although...

First-ever genomic test predicts which lung cancer patients need chemotherapy to live

...vity level inside the cell. Scientists label the messenger RNA with fluorescent tags. The fluorescent RNA is then placed on a tiny glass slide, called a gene chip. There, it binds to its complementary DNA sequence on the gene chip. When scanned with special light, the fluorescent RNA emits a telltale lumi...

Gold nanoparticles could improve antisense cancer drugs

...DNA becomes more stable and can bind to the target messenger RNA (mRNA) more effectively than DNA that is not a...way to target the genetic material is to block the messenger RNA by using 'antisense DNA,' which prevents the message from ever becoming a protein." Once inside...

Researchers discover which organs in Antarctic fish produce antifreeze

...had shown very low expression levels of antifreeze messenger RNA in the liver, but this was inconsistent with high levels of production of the protein, the researchers noted. Cheng and colleagues used Northern blots of total RNA from various tissues to hybridize with an AFGP gene probe. A clear picture of str...

Rehydrate -- your RNA needs it

...slated into protein, than there are protein coding messenger RNAs (about 25,000), making these vast numbers of RNA molecules central players in our bodies. Work is also underway in academic and industrial labs around the world to engineer RNA for medical purposes. The engineered molecules, called RNA aptamer...

Adult stem cells are touchy-feely, need environmental clues

...he chemical microenvironment, the soup of chemical messenger signals that are generally thought to guide stem cells through the process of differentiation, where relatively "blank" stem cells turn into specific cell types. For the first time, the Penn researchers have proven that the physical microenvironment...

Viagra improves high altitude exercise performance up to 45% for some

...rades cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) a cell messenger that causes the blood vessels to relax, Friedlander explained. By inhibiting the enzyme, the drug allows greater vasodilation and greater blood flow. Although the drug works in different target sites, this study focused on the lungs. The researchers...

Genetically altered mice no longer like cocaine

...ional Academy of Sciences. Dopamine is a chemical messenger vital to the regular functioning of the central nervous system. Under normal circumstances it flows into and out of neurons. But cocaine blocks dopamine transporters from taking up dopamine, leaving it outside the cells, which excites the nervous sy...

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...?miniscule in size when compared to their cousins, messenger RNA, which can be several hundred to a thousand times that long. But several years ago, researchers studying roundworms noted that properly functioning miRNA was necessary for normal development. Since then, scientists in laboratories around the wo...

Newly discovered killer cell fights cancer

...ells, including dendritic cells, known as the main messenger for the immune system. Dendritic cells spread "lo...bone marrow. "When an IKDC cell switches to its messenger function, the transformation is quite astonishing," says Pardoll. The cell sprouts long, hairy tenta...

Brain's own cannabis compound protects against inflammation

...hat "the endocannabinoid system represents a local messenger system between the nervous and immune system and is obviously involved in the control of immune activation and neuroprotection. Therefore, elucidating the pathology of the endocannabinoid system during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration might op...

Nobelist discovers antidepressant protein in mouse brain

...11 appears to help regulate signaling of the brain messenger chemical serotonin, a key target of antidepressants, which has been implicated in psychiatric illnesses such as depression and anxiety disorders. They report on their findings in the January 6, 2005 issue of Science. Brain cells communicate with ea...

Biologists develop genome-wide map of miRNA-mRNA interactions

...orhabditis elegans (C. elegans). MicroRNAs bind to messenger RNA (mRNA) in a specific section, called 3'UTR, and are known to regulate them. Parts of the predicted map were confirmed through the development of a novel in vivo method that asked whether the 3' UTR part of mRNAs was driving regulation during deve...

High-resolution light microscope reveals the fundamental mechanisms of nerve communication

...d with neurotransmitters, which transport chemical messenger molecules to synapses, the contact points between nerve cells, enabling nerve signals to pass between cells. Their contents are released at the synapse when the vesicle membranes fuse with the membrane of the nerve cell. Previously it was unclear whe...

Single microRNA causes cancer in transgenic mouse

...y regulate gene expression ?basically, by blocking messenger RNA's instructions for protein production. MiRNAs normally help control important biological functions by switching "on" and "off" at different times during cell growth, death, development and differentiation. They can be harmful, though, if they are...

MiRNA fingerprint identified in platelet formation

...ology. For decades, scientific dogma has held that messenger RNA (mRNA) was responsible for carrying out DNA instructions, or code, for protein production in the cell. Little was known, however, about how cells actually regulated that process. But over the past 10 years, researchers have discovered that miRNA...

Absence of critical protein linked to infertility

...and abnormal conditions during implantation. After messenger RNA profiling zeroed in on C/EBPb's activity, the researchers collaborated with Peter F. Johnson of the National Cancer Institute's Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, who created mice that lacked the protein. The experimental mice were th...

Engineered mouse mimics cognitive aspects of schizophrenia

... a major neurotransmitter in the brain--a chemical messenger that one neuron launches at its neighbor to trigger a nerve impulse in the receiving neuron. The major antipsychotic drugs are believed to "dial down" the dopamine machinery by blocking receptors for dopamine on the surface of neurons. Also, ampheta...

Darkness unveils vital metabolic fuel switch between sugar and fat

...d to the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. Yet messenger RNA for CLPS (mClps) was found in the livers of mice exposed to prolonged dark, an unexpected finding. They repeated the experiment in mice with natural, or "wild type," genomes and three strains of mutant mice with impaired circadian rhythms. T...

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