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Tag: "membrane" at biology news

Researchers discover molecular mechanism that desensitizes us to cold

...ol of Medicine researchers have discovered how the membrane protein that allows us to sense cold works and how...eptor interacts with a signaling lipid in the cell membrane called PIP2. Cold or menthol stimulate this receptor and alter the electrical properties of the memb...

Probing the promise and perils of nanoparticles

... the same permeability and, in general, they cause membrane destruction as well," said Banaszak Holl. Neutral polymers, however, did not damage membranes. Both Leroueil's work and the earlier research used model membranes to probe the effects of nanoparticles. Now, the research group is exploring their inter...

50-year-old Mystery Solved: Protein Tags Regulate Key Ion Channel

...y. They are tightly controlled tunnels through the membrane barriers that hold in the cell's contents, separat...nction because they were silent like K2P1." Other membrane proteins key to biology, like transporters and hormone receptors, may also be controlled by SUMO sin...

Researchers discover chemical compounds that affect plant growth

...tial genes such as those that encode many cellular membrane components. Combined with the formidable genetic m...tation and genetic signaling in a plant's cellular membrane system, which is essential to plant growth, yet is poorly understood. The researchers can now use t...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

...ains of amino acids, which are deposited in the ER membrane in response to coded instructions from genes. Chaperone proteins fold these amino acid chains into specific shapes and direct them to different areas of the ER for processing. When too many amino acids pile up in the ER membrane, or when something g...

Discovery may lead to better Candidiasis drug

...h.D., discovered that histatin binds to a specific membrane protein called TRK1p, which regulates potassium ion flow through the cell membrane of the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and allows the cell to regulate its volume. The binding a...

Some Brain Cells 'Change Channels' To Fine-tune The Message

... they allow in by swapping one kind of channel, or membrane opening, for another. Doing so lets the cells fine..., on the cell and trigger "channels" in the cell's membrane to open. Depending on the receptor and the channel, in will flow sodium, calcium, chloride or other ...

Genetic defects give the immune system the green light to attack the pancreas

...e ?during this time, receptor sites on their outer membrane are shaped to dock with each invader and destroy it. “As T-cells form, it is not uncommon for a few to randomly develop with the potential ability to attack the body’s own cells,?said Dr. Holler. “That’s when a safeguard mechanism normally kicks in ...

Global analysis of membrane proteins

...re encased within a protective lipid membrane. The membrane is studded with many hundreds of different protein...ts, ions, and water into and out of the cell. Such membrane proteins also help cells recognize each other in the body, and make the nervous system work. Scienti...

NIH Researchers Discover How Insulin Allows Entry of Glucose Into Cells

... that, within the cell, GLUT 4 is contained in the membrane of tiny sacs known as vesicles. Another author of ...e process in which the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane might yield a new drug to treat insulin-related disorders. He added that each step in the process mi...

Anammox bacteria produce nitrogen gas in oceans' snackbar

...sotope labeled nutrients, depth profiles of unique membrane lipids (ladder molecules), fluorescence microscopy...les (Damsté et al., Nature 17 October 2002) in the membrane surrounding a special prokaryotic organel in which ammonium is converted to nitrogen gas. These ladd...

Shutting down the HIV assembly line

...ypes, Gag makes its way from this site to the cell membrane before assembling into particles. Although many studies have demonstrated that Gag is present in the late endosome and have focused on particle assembly at that point, none have tackled how the Gag protein gets there in the first place. The current ...

Advancements In Genomics Foster Deep Sea Discoveries

...levels of pressure. “There’s a protein within the membrane that gets squeezed when the cells experience higher pressure, and that triggers a signal transduction event that activates the expression of genes that help the cells to adapt to the increased pressure,?said Bartlett. The scientists found other tanta...

Basis for DNA ejection from single phage particles

...velope of these viruses fuses with the host plasma membrane so that the genome is delivered without directly contacting the membrane. Phage nucleic acid transport poses a fascinating biophysical problem: Transport is unidirectional and linear; it concerns a unique molecule the size of which may represent 50 ...

Researchers make surprise discovery that some neurons can transmit three signals at once

...s are sent on a one-way ride that dead ends at the membrane of the adjacent cell. Like lock and key, they bind to specific receptors on the surface of the receiving cell, causing its electrical activity to be enhanced or inhibited. The first week after birth marks a critical phase in the developing rat brain...

Researchers develop assay that could be applied to drug screening

...de by coated pits as they invaginated and detected membrane scission, the process by which a coated pit is con... in actin polymerization are recruited to sites of membrane scission, and that disturbing actin polymerization with the toxin latrunculin B, a toxin found in Re...

Precise Timing Enabled Pig-to-rat Transplants To Cure Diabetes

...pig primordia are transplanted into the omentum, a membrane that envelopes the intestines and other digestive organs. When the primordia mature, they replace the missing rat insulin with pig insulin, returning the rats' blood glucose to normal levels. "The absence of a need for immune suppression after trans...

Mutation in clams protects against paralytic shellfish poisoning but raises human health risk

...ino acid in a channel, a protein in the nerve cell membrane that allows sodium ions to pass through the membrane. Regulation of sodium is critical to nerve cell function. Without the mutation, the PSP toxins can bind to the sodium channel, shutting down the nerve and leading to paralysis. The toxin acts like...

Researchers test new therapy for advanced melanoma

...12 -- to slip inside the melanoma tumor before the membrane reseals. "Melanoma does not respond well to standard chemotherapy," said Adil Daud, MD, assistant professor of oncology in the Cutaneous Oncology Program at Moffitt. "Gene therapy gives us the flexibility to introduce a huge variety of potential tar...

Pair of cancer genes found to drive both cell migration and division

...ide where to push outward - PI3K makes PIP3 on the membrane on one side of a cell while PTEN breaks it down on the other side. But when both enzymes are missing, levels of PIP3 remain constant throughout the membrane, and the cell can't migrate properly. In experiments with single-celled amoebae, Devreotes a...

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