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Tag: "mechanisms" at biology news

Transplanted photoreceptor precursor cells restore visual function in mice with retinal degeneration

... wave of research will focus on characterizing the mechanisms that generate photoreceptor precursors from stem cells. Swaroop believes the research has potential for developing therapies for people with retinal and macular degenerative diseases that are untreatable today. The Swaroop research team started...

Newts which regrow their hearts

...ad Nauheim have now started to decode the cellular mechanisms in this impressive ability to regenerate and have discovered the remarkable plasticity of newt heart cells. As mammals, and therefore also humans, do not have this ability, the findings could contribute to new cell therapies for patients with damaged...

A valuable fly for research into disease

...n genes and behaviour caused by drug abuse and the mechanisms that regulate responses to psychostimulants such as alcohol, cocaine and nicotine. Drosophila is a key tool for studying certain aspects of cancer, and research into the development and proliferation of tumours will be a main topic of the conference...

Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus

...being combined in order to determine the molecular mechanisms of resistance or susceptibility on the basis of di...tein and that of the virus. Understanding of these mechanisms will give clues as to the best ways of making long-term use of this resistance gene. Another stra...

Learning during sleep?

...earch in Heidelberg have now shed new light on the mechanisms that create memory. According to their findings, the areas of the brain work together, but possibly in a different way from that previously assumed. "This is a technically sophisticated study which could have considerable influence on our understandi...

One signal elicits thousands of answers

Cell signaling mechanisms often transmit information via protein modifications, most importantly the reversible attachment of phosphate, the so-called protein phosphorylation. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried have now developed a technolo...

Plants give up answers in the war on bacteria

...on Arabadopsis, a common laboratory plant, but the mechanisms could be universal across all land plants. "When we started looking more closely, and put bacteria on a plant surface, stomata close. It's like they say 'oh, we have to close the doors!'" Melotto said. "Even if it is in bright daylight, when the st...

'Allergy cells' can aggravate cancer and psoriasis

...increase in the number of mast cells. However, the mechanisms behind this are relatively unknown. Associate professor Gunner Nilsson at Karolinska Institutet and his research group have now found a possible explanation for the link between mast cells and several non-allergic diseases. The study, which is pres...

Using nature's most primitive anti-viral defense system to find new approaches to cancer research

...x, multi-step process. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie each stage is therefore an important goal for cancer scientists. Dr Baum's research builds on his earlier work when, in collaboration with others, he completed a full study of the function of every one of the fruit fly's genes in cells....

Evolution and the workaround

...n of vital genes, and they do this by evolving new mechanisms to perform old tasks. Somehow the bad guys find a workaround. That observation led Norman Pavelka, Giulia Rancati, and Rong Li, researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research in Kansas City, MO, to step back and consider the basic proc...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

...cycle when damaged DNA is detected, and DNA repair mechanisms move in to fix the damage." However, if these replication checkpoints are crippled in flies that also have mutations in the H3K9 methylation and RNAi pathways, Karpen says, genome aberrations accumulate "and they do die." Says Karpen, "These fin...

Distinguishing friend from foe in the battle against cancer

...k. "We have been working for 35 years looking at mechanisms underlying formation of cancer cells," says Hunter, an American Cancer Society professor in the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory. "We've made huge progress identifying specific events that change normal proteins into proteins that cause cancer a...

Funding to tackle hospital superbugs

...w pathways that enhance the bodies natural defence mechanisms to promote the clearance of infection. The new approach has been named "Resolution Therapeutics" by the Cardiff researchers. It is hoped that research in the School of Medicine will lead to the development of other drugs that modify host response...

Squid-inspired design could mean better handling of underwater vehicles

...imed at benefiting humanity. "Reliable docking mechanisms are essential for the operation of underwater vehicles, especially in harsh environments," Mohseni said. "We set out to resolve the trade off that many researchers settle for, which is a faster, but less precise, vehicle or a boxier one that is not ...

Down syndrome: It's not just the age factor

..."clearly, identification of the relaxation control mechanisms and therapeutic restoration of a stringent screen holds promise not only for Down Syndrome." ...

Protein 'fingerprint' in spinal fluid could spot Alzheimer's disease

...o be proteins with known links to the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease," said Relkin. For example, some of the biomarkers are associated with proteins that clog the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Others molecules were linked to inflammation, also a part of Alzheimer's brain pathology. Still o...

Particle size matters to bacteria ability to immobilize heavy metals

...s led by a PNNL team in looking at the fundamental mechanisms of metal reduction by Shewanella and its application in environmental bioremediation of contaminated DOE sites. "It will help build a whole picture of Shewanella ?how it reacts with metal oxides and how the rate of this interaction is influenced by s...

Researchers discover mechanism that determines when detailed memories are retained

...While it is likely that the brain uses a number of mechanisms to store specific details, our work shows that the level of acetylcholine appears to be a key part of that process." In their experiments, the researchers exposed rats to tones of various frequencies. During some of the trials, they paired one ton...

Nanotech tools yield DNA transcription breakthrough

... the journal Science define for the first time the mechanisms by which the machine begins synthesis of RNA and then breaks free from its initial binding site to move along DNA to continue synthesizing RNA. The results establish that during transcription initiation the machine remains stationary at its initia...

Resistance and genetic sensitivity to sleeping sickness

...by T. b. rhodesiense, only partly reflect the real mechanisms at work. Concerning the Gambian form, the screening and treatment teams indicates the occurrence of several categories of subjects infected: some show Glossina fuscipes gorged with blood affected by classical chronic forms of the disease; others bear...

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