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Tag: "mechanism" at biology news

Down syndrome: It's not just the age factor

... focus of extensive medical research but the exact mechanism is still not understood. One feature common to most trisomies is an increase in frequency of trisomic pregnancies with increasing maternal age. There is strong evidence for uterine selection against genetically disadvantaged embryos. However, as w...

The biggest bug in gut discomfort

...atson and Galan that the bug had evolved a special mechanism to induce its uptake into these nonphagocytic cells and establish its own intracellular niche. Watson and Galan set out to follow C. jejuni down the host cell’s endocytic pathway. Much of the cell’s incoming traffic is usually routed to compartments ...

Researchers discover mechanism that determines when detailed memories are retained

...y published in 2005, he discovered a neural coding mechanism that the brain relies upon to register the intensity of memories based on the importance of the experience. The study presented the first evidence that a "memory code" of any kind may exist. His laboratory also was the first to induce a specific memo...

Worms produce surprise insight into human fever

...ever, says Aballay. Fever is an ancient immune mechanism used by metazoans in response to microbial infect...er environments in response to infections. But the mechanism of fever as a response to infection is still largely unknown. The activation of the HSF-1 pathways...

New dyslexia theory blames 'noise'

... "What Sperling and Lu's data suggest is that the mechanism responsible for faulty phonological development is quite general and has to do with attention in a broad sense.... "This is a great paper of very high significance... As people like Steve Grossberg [of Boston University] have argued for many years...

Research suggests beta agonists may alter the immune system

...vere asthma." The researchers also uncovered the mechanism which by beta-agonists increased type 2 T cells. They found that the beta-agonists were unable to effectively stimulate the enzyme protein kinase A (PKA). Other molecules similar to beta-agonists that were able to strongly activate PKA also inhibited...

Slow brain waves play key role in coordinating complex activity

...theta rhythm might be more of an executive control mechanism to tie different brain areas together, whereas high-gamma waves within a region tie groups of cells together and time when their output can be sent or when input from another area can be received." To test these hypotheses, Knight and his colleagues...

UCLA researchers unravel a mystery about DNA

...cription proceeds initially through a "scrunching" mechanism in which, much like a fisherman reeling in a catch...cription regulatory proteins. Beyond resolving the mechanism for initiation, the significance of this work is in pointing out an important regulation "checkpoint...

Two central mysteries in genome inheritance solved at UCSD

...solutions to two long-standing mysteries about the mechanism of genome inheritance during cell division. "These two discoveries open the door to further studies of the chromosome-spindle interface, studies that could result in improvement of chemotherapies for cancer," said Arshad Desai, Ph.D., assistant pro...

Researchers discover key mechanism by which lethal viruses Ebola and Marburg cause disease

...bean Primate Research Center have discovered a key mechanism by which the Filoviruses, Ebola and Marburg, cause...umbia University. "The identification of this new mechanism for immunosuppression is anticipated to lead to new drugs for intervention in filoviral hemorrhagic ...

Newly discovered behavior in cancer cells signals dangerous metastasis

...is to determine precisely what controls the toggle mechanism in cancer cells, Garcia-Blanco said. Identifying the various steps that occur during the natural progression of tumors could lead to therapies for blocking metastasis, he said. ...

Stanford discovery may help predict when toxoplasma can be deadly

...agues describe the molecular underpinnings of the mechanism used by these parasites to hijack cellular processes in their hosts. "We think that the different versions of Toxoplasma strains evolved for optimal interaction with different hosts," said Boothroyd, noting that the wrong pairing of parasite and...

New mechanism underlying pain found

...nnounced that they have discovered a new molecular mechanism that may underlie neuropathic pain. The clearer un..., but the better understanding we've gained of the mechanism can enable us to narrow our focus." ...

Experimental cancer drugs counter muscle deterioration seen in muscular dystrophy

...e to contraction-coupled degeneration--the primary mechanism by which muscle function declines in Duchenne musc...artorelli at NIH, on the biochemical and molecular mechanism regulating the expression of genes that coordinate muscle regeneration. These studies led to the ide...

Cellular traffic backups implicated in skeletal malformations

...ill, the results suggest that another unidentified mechanism for protein transport may exist in the other cell types. "We had expected mutations in proteins like collagen or accessory matrix proteins to cause craniofacial malformations. Realistically, nobody suspected that these so-called 'housekeeping gene...

Pleasure and pain: Study shows brain's 'pleasure chemical' is involved in response to pain too

...and U-M Depression Center. "It appears to act as a mechanism that responds to the salience of a stimuli ?the importance of it to the individual ?and makes it relevant for them to respond to." The study, which involved 25 healthy men and women, showed that dopamine was active in areas of the brain region kno...

Bitter taste identifies poisons in foods

...ong assumed that bitter taste evolved as a defense mechanism to detect potentially harmful toxins in plants. The Current Biology paper provides the first direct evidence in support of this hypothesis by establishing that variants of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 can detect glucosinolates, a class of compo...

Advance helps explain stem cell behavior

...l circuits. Understanding this pattern formation mechanism will be essential to the ultimate use of stem cells in medical research and disease treatment, the scientists said. Ideally, researchers would like to create a "transcriptional network model" that simulates all of the complex and interactive steps in...

Molecular mechanism provides intra-cellular traffic signal

...ccession of green traffic lights. The molecular mechanism that underlies this coordination is reported by le...sses in mammalian cells, including humans, and the mechanism Segev described may find applicability in the biomedical field. "Every system in our body depends ...

Proteins anchor memories in our brain

...ntigen can trigger disease," he added. A similar mechanism may be at play involving other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, Anderson said. Immunologists have demonstrated that insulin is expressed in the thymus ?not just in the pancreas. Studies have shown that people who are protected from diab...

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