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Tag: "mechanism" at biology news

Protein averts cell suicide but might contribute to cancer

... understood. "These enzymes provide a survival mechanism for cells," says first author Kevin Fiala, a graduate student in Suo's laboratory. "They allow DNA replication to continue, so the cell doesn't die. But they don't repair the DNA damage that exists." DNA damage is a routine problem for cells, Suo...

Huddling and a drop in metabolism allow penguins to survive the South Pole cold

...g these South Pole penguins is a key energy-saving mechanism that allows them to endure their extremely harsh conditions. A team of scientists that had already shown that emperor penguins who are free ranging in their colony spend about 50 percent of their time in dense huddles and drop their average metabol...

How does your brain tell time?

... The most popular theory assumes that a clock-like mechanism ?which generates and counts regular fixed movements -- underlies timing in the brain. In contrast, Buonomano suggests a physical model that operates without using a clock. He offers an analogy to explain how it works. "If you toss a pebble int...

St. Jude announces breakthrough in eye cancer treatment

... Until now, retinoblastoma experts thought that a mechanism called the p53 pathway triggered apoptosis in other types of cancer cells, but not in retinoblastoma. However, the St. Jude team proved not only that the p53 pathway was activated in early-stage retinoblastoma, but that excessive levels of a molecule...

ASU researchers test antibacterial effects of healing clays

...rstand yet," Williams says. "What if we discover a mechanism for controlling microbes that had never been discovered before? It is these avenues, at the boundaries of scientific discovery, at the edges of my field and knowledge (and Shelley's), where such discoveries are made." National Institutes of Health...

Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response

...at such interactions do occur and demonstrated the mechanism by which they may take place. The results may help explain the altered immune responses that occur with aging and other conditions and may be useful in developing therapies for viral hepatitis and autoimmune diseases. The results of this study appea...

Unique gene regulation gives chilly bugs survival advantage at bottom of the world

...vital for growth and development," he said. This mechanism seems to offer the larvae protection during their two-year life span, most of which is spent encased in ice. All animals, including humans, make heat shock proteins, but normally they only do so during times of extreme physical stress. Curiously, a...

Why don't all moles progress to melanoma?

...ds. According to Soengas, the tumor suppressive mechanism induced by the ER in melanocytes with these cancer-causing mutations is premature senescence ?a form of "suspended animation" that stops the cell cycle and keeps cells from dividing, but doesn't kill them. "The cells are held in check ?they don't d...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

...ose critical interactions fail. The trigger loop mechanism therefore couples NTP recognition and catalysis, e... nature invariably proves to be.? The fundamental mechanism of transcription is conserved among cellular RNA polymerases, the researchers explained. Common feat...

Stem cells engage in dialogue with the cells that regulate their futures

...a trigger poking out of a cell that can activate a mechanism inside the cell. When this trigger is pulled by proteins, called Delta and Serrate, from another cell, proteins are freed inside the cell to travel to the cell nucleus and turn on various genes. According to Ruohula-Baker, the Notch pathway plays ...

MRSA toxin acquitted: Study clears suspected key to severe bacterial illness

... and try to determine exactly which toxin or other mechanism in S. aureus kills white blood cells and allows the spread of CA-MRSA infection. ...

Discovery in the evolution of the immune system absorbing cells

...r effectiveness and specialisation in the adaptive mechanism of antibodies....

Heart smart: new drug improves blood flow

... free radicals in the walls of arteries - is a key mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease. "Free radicals contribute to the formation of arterial blockages. What's more, as the number of free radicals increases, they also interfere with the ability of the cells lining arteries to control the contraction...

Cities change the songs of birds

...an urban “survivor,?provides some insight into the mechanism behind the homogenizing impact of the urban environment. The capacity of great tits to sing within a relatively wide frequency range, and the ability to adjust songs by leaving out lower frequencies, seems critical to the bird’s ability to thrive des...

Tarantula venom and chili peppers target same pain sensor

...s and animals have evolved the same anti-predatory mechanism to generate noxious sensations," Julius said. "These toxins are incredibly useful for understanding how ion channels of the nervous system work. They give us clues as to how specific activators or blockers on these channels can be designed to treat p...

An AIDS-related virus tricks cells to become tumors, new Penn study finds

...s study provides crucial step in understanding the mechanism for anti-tumorigenic activity against KSHV-associated human cancers," concludes Robertson. "Additionally, we can now use compounds known to inhibit proteosome activity to determine their effectiveness in inhibiting the Kaposi's viral-induced degradat...

Researchers link ocean organisms with increased cloud cover and potential climate change

...ists have reported a new and potentially important mechanism by which chemical emissions from ocean phytoplankt...round which cloud droplets can form. The isoprene mechanism could therefore have a significant effect on the development of clouds there ?and may account for mo...

Eating protein boosts hormone that staves off hunger

...ght loss and weight loss maintenance. However, the mechanism responsible remained elusive. In a study in normal-weight and obese people, the researchers now show that enhanced-protein meals stimulate greater release of PYY than either high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals and result in a greater reduction of h...

New drug blocks influenza, including bird flu virus

...ncapsulate cells. Although the peptide's precise mechanism for thwarting flu remains to be deciphered, it seems to work by blocking the virus' ability to latch onto a key cell surface molecule that the virus uses to get inside cells. To survive and reproduce, viruses must gain access to cells where they make...

Learning during sleep?

...be interpreted in very different ways. "Either the mechanism contributes to memory consolidation, or the information transfer from one part of the brain to another during sleep does not proceed as we have previously assumed." The brain researchers now want to find out which of the possible explanations applies...

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