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Tag: "mechanism" at biology news

Mosquito genes explain response to climate change

...t parts of the genome we must look to identify the mechanism of photoperiodism," Bradshaw said. Collaborative studies already are underway to determine the same genes in stickleback fish at the UO and in fruit flies at the University of Pennsylvania. "The response to climate warming in animal populations ha...

The connector rotation hypothesis? Phage do not pack their DNA by rotation

...is. They found that it is more than likely not the mechanism by which the DNA is packed. The researchers combin...ed with more than 99% certainty that the packaging mechanism does not involve rotation. How, then, does it happen? The researchers noted that their findings ...

Tiny clue reveals new path toward heart disease

... the gene, called kalirin, implicates a biological mechanism never before linked to cardiovascular disease, according to the Duke researchers who led the study. Further study of this new clue could lead to novel ways to treat or even prevent the disease, the researchers said. "The ultimate goal is to deter...

Pregnancy hormone key to repairing nerve cell damage

...present the first example of a natural, biological mechanism that produces new myelin in the adult brain and spinal cord and identifies prolactin as a potential therapeutic substance for future testing in people with MS. "Agents promoting remyelination will be beneficial not only for typical demyelinating ...

Experience affects new neuron survival in adult brain; study sheds light on learning, memory

...experience later. This change in function may be a mechanism for long-term memory. The findings are published in the March 21 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience . "The results identify a critical period for experience-induced enhancement of new neuron survival in the hippocampus," says Elizabeth Gould, P...

MIT biologists solve vitamin puzzle

...es the fragment, and they outline a novel reaction mechanism that requires cannibalization of another vitamin. The work, which has roots in an MIT undergraduate teaching laboratory, "completes a piece of our understanding of a process very fundamental to life," said Graham Walker, MIT professor of biology a...

Salamanders suffer delayed effects of common herbicide

...s their risk of mortality," he added. While the mechanism by which atrazine causes elevated mortality remains unclear, Rohr says other scientists have evidence suggesting that this pesticide is an endocrine disruptor. Such chemicals disrupt the production of hormones that are vital to normal bodily func...

Moonlighting enzyme linked to neurodegenerative disease

... "These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which certain DLD mutations can simultaneously induce the loss of a primary metabolic activity and the gain of a moonlighting proteolytic (breaking down enzymes) activity. The latter could contribute to the metabolic derangement associated with DL...

MicroRNA helps prevent tumors

...ed tumors. Overall, the results highlight a new mechanism for cancer formation. Hmga2, and perhaps certain other genes that are normally regulated by microRNAs, can help give rise to tumors if a mutation in the gene disrupts the microRNA's ability to regulate it. In addition, the results show that the inter...

Scripps Research study reveals new activation mechanism for pain sensing channel

...o ion channel activation." But this activation mechanism comes with an interesting property. "Generally... that activate ion channels bind in a lock-and-key mechanism that is readily reversible," said Lindsey Macpherson, another author of the study and a Ph.D. candid...

New hereditary breast cancer gene discovered

... going to perform various experiments to chart the mechanism of how TWIST1 increases the risk of breast cancer. Studies are also under way to find out what proportion of cases of hereditary breast cancer are caused by mutations in the TWIST1 gene. ...

Morphine makes lasting -- and surprising -- change in the brain

...e makes lasting changes in the brain by blocking a mechanism that’s believed to be the key to memory making. So these findings reinforce the notion that addiction is a form of pathological learning." Kauer, a professor in the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology at Brown, is in...

Scientists identify specific enzymes that make meningitis hard to fight

...the two enzymes essential to the bacteria's repair mechanism are AP endonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase. Contrary to the scientists' expectations, these two enzymes carry out separate functions in the DNA repair process. Professor Paul Freemont from Imperial's Division of Molecular Biosciences explains: "...

New dopamine brain target discovered

...ause signalling through calcium release is a major mechanism regulating many important functions in the brain and we have provided the first direct mechanism by which dopamine can activate a calcium signal." This data has significant implications for sc...

Turning a cellular sentinel into a cancer killer

...ate immune system suggests there may be an unknown mechanism by which cancers can trigger the immune system, he said. Lowe and his colleagues are now exploring how the innate immune system might be enlisted against cancer. Jacks's team used a different technique to reactivate p53 in lymphomas and sarcomas. I...

Fruit fly gene research may shed light on human disease processes

...Understanding the role of the X chromosome and the mechanism of chromosome counting in fruit flies may help shed light on these same features in humans." Besides potentially shedding light on human genetic maladies, Erickson and Avila say their work is just plain interesting. "After all," says Erickson, ...

Brain tissue reveals possible genetic trigger for schizophrenia

...ina at Chapel Hill may have identified a molecular mechanism involved in the development of schizophrenia. In studying the postmortem brain tissue of adults who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, the researchers found that levels of certain gene-regulating molecules called microRNAs were lower among schi...

Novel laboratory technique nudges genes into activity

...work so well is that we’re just adapting a natural mechanism to help deliver a man-made molecule," Dr. Corey said. "We’re working with nature, rather than against it." Drs. Corey’s and Janowski’s current results are built on previous work, published in 2005 in Nature Chemical Biology, in which they found t...

Cholera pathogen reveals how bacteria generate energy to live

... the scientists add key specifics to the molecular mechanism behind the pathogen that causes cholera. The work ...s a very good system to understand this very basic mechanism charging this battery to create energy," she said. In order to learn how the enzyme works, resear...

Linking DNA and histone methylation

...r Center) and colleagues lend new insight into the mechanism of epigenetic silencing of euchromatic genes. Dr. Carey emphasizes that "The study provides a new direction to understand how histone and DNA methylation, two phenomena that play a significant role in stem cell differentiation and cancer, can commu...

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