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Tag: "mechanism" at biology news

Study finds surfing safer than soccer

...ng competition was recorded, as well as wave size, mechanism of injury and treatment. "Significant" injuries were qualified as those that prevented the surfer from surfing for one or more days, resulted in a hospital visit, or required on-site suturing. "Sprains and strains to the lower extremities, particu...

Scientists learn the origin of rogue B cells

...t of one's own body. While the body has a built-in mechanism to correct these errant cells, the NIAMS researche... that the aberrant B cells have escaped the body's mechanism to correct them. "Our research goes against the theory that B cells should only express a single rec...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...lls. Although the study of the exact molecular mechanism is in its early stages, the researchers believe the separate chemical components work together to bolster the cancer-fighting power of butyrate. The double attack triggers cellular suicide, also called apoptosis, in the cancer cells. To find out ...

Loss of a universal tRNA feature reported

...e from a highly conserved ancient tRNA recognition mechanism by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. It will be of special interest to examine if the loss of this tRNA feature has resulted from the presence of an RNase P enzyme that is no longer capable of catalyzing abnormal cleavage at the -1 position in the tRNAHi...

Columbia scientists determine 3-dimensional structure of cell's 'fuel gauge'

...g this important protein's molecular structure and mechanism provides a major step forward for the rational des...s of ATP in the cell, it works through a different mechanism to increase how much glucose the cell takes in and uses to create ATP. Research in rodent models ha...

Cancer-killing invention also harvests stem cells

...m. He also realized that selectin is the adhesive mechanism by which bone marrow stem cells leave the bloodstream and find their way back into bone marrow. This is how bone marrow transplantation works. Finally, he learned that when a cancer cell breaks free of a primary tumor and enters circulation, it flo...

Angelman syndrome deficits rescued in mice

...available online), reveal an important part of the mechanism underlying the condition and point to potential therapeutic targets for treating these symptoms. Angelman syndrome, which affects approximately one in 15,000 children, is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by mental retardation, se...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...out causing HER-2/neu loss. Loss of HER-2/neu is a mechanism that tumors utilize to escape the immune-mediated destruction," he said. Since 2000, Manjili and his colleagues have been employing animal models of breast cancer to evaluate anti-tumor efficacy of a vaccine formulation they created. This vaccine ...

Why doesn't the immune system attack the small intestine?

...r years, scientists have wondered whether the same mechanism is at work in tissues that come in regular contact...ystem. "Our study points to a previously unknown mechanism of immune system tolerance," Turley explains. "When you think of the conditions in the small intesti...

Insomnia drug can improve brain function

...performances, with zolpidem. They suggest that the mechanism may be due to an activation of neural circuits in the brain that control movement and verbal expression, but that the lesions that occurred due to oxygen deprivation may have been too severe to allow spontaneous speech. They conclude that single pati...

Researchers discover gene crucial for nerve cell insulation

...myelin. "Our research has uncovered a whole new mechanism for regulating myelin genes," said Dr. Svaren. "Our hope is to exploit this knowledge so that we can adjust the levels of myelin genes such as PMP22 and MPZ, and thereby create an effective treatment for myelin diseases." Understanding the proces...

Scientists find new genes for Crohn's disease

...hich they found is essential for the cell's normal mechanism for degrading worn-out cellular components and helping to eliminate some pathogenic bacteria—a pathway known as autophagy (pronounced AU-TOF-A-GEE ). Finding ATG16L1's involvement in Crohn's disease provides confirmatory evidence for what doctors...

Putting an old drug to a new use

... determined. "Understanding the exact molecular mechanism underlying nifedipine's effect on iron transport would be a big step towards developing it into an effective therapy that can be used on patients," says Martina Muckenthaler, an EMBL alumna who is now at the University of Heidelberg. "Taking nifedipi...

New cell type identified in cancer development

... ‘differentiation-induced cell death,?a protective mechanism the body may invoke to prevent pCSCs from maturing into full-blown cancer stem cells." It was a different story with the mice with impaired immune systems, however. In those animals, the pCSCs developed into solid tumors, developing additional mu...

Ebola outbreaks killing thousands of gorillas and chimpanzees

...roups. Contact with corpses at funerals is a major mechanism of Ebola transmission in humans. Together with other recent observations on patterns of gorilla mortality, these results make a strong case that transmission between ape social groups plays a central role in Ebola outbreak amplification. The study ...

Destructive enzyme shows a benevolent side

... may be able to learn how to block this protective mechanism and make it harder for cancer cells to survive cancer therapies." Schoenberg first discovered the PMR1 enzyme in 1995, and his lab has been actively studying it since that time. For this study, Schoenberg and a group of colleagues wanted to lea...

Stability of mRNA/DNA and DNA/DNA duplexes modulates mRNA transcription

...late its level of expression." says Stoynov. The mechanism of how DNA/DNA and mRNA/DNA duplex stability influences mRNA level remains unclear. The authors propose two models, but further work is needed to understand how thermodynamic stability modulates mRNA level. ...

Protein overexpression at heart of heart failure

...ealed an increased single-channel activity but the mechanism for this biophysical phenotype has remained unknown.3,4 In a paper in this week’s PLoS ONE, Roger Hullin of the Swiss Heart Center Bern, Jan Matthes of University of Cologne, Germany, and collaborators in both Germany and the USA demonstrate an up-r...

Is there a pilot in the insect?

...e) in Marseille, France have revealed an automatic mechanism called the "optic flow regulator" that controls the lift force. The researchers obtained these results by modeling the overland flight navigation of insects using experiments carried out on OCTAVE, a captive flying robot microhelicopter that can repr...

What recognizes what in plant disease resistance?

...d the TMV Avirulence gene, p50, to investigate the mechanism of gene-for-gene resistance. Contrary to current models, which propose that recognition of resistance genes occurs solely through their leucine-rich repeat domain, the authors show that association is mediated by a completely different region on N's ...

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