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Tag: "mechanism" at biology news

Latent memory of cells comes to life

...amental memory mechanisms in individual cells. The mechanism gives both stability and openness to new influences which the cell could need to change state. Nature has a partner which controls the cells latent memory....

A new portable biosensor detects traces of contaminants in food more quickly and cheaply

...de for personal, disposable use . The chemical mechanism to detect contaminants in a sample is very similar to that used by the immune system to identify a virus or bacteria in the body. The organism attacks an infection by generating antibodies which hook onto, for example, a specific type of virus. Hence...

Newly identified mechanism for silencing genes points to possible anti-cancer strategies

... of cancers, and the newly outlined gene-silencing mechanism offers promising potential targets for anti-cancer...way we know that microRNAs can silence genes. That mechanism requires extraordinary specificity, however, and we suspected that microRNAs were also acting in som...

To sleep, perchance to dream: New insight into melatonin production

... pathway. Dr. Kim and colleagues uncovered the mechanism of rhythmic control of AANAT mRNA translation, and thereby melatonin synthesis. The researchers found that rodent AANAT mRNA translation is mediated by IRES (internal ribosome entry site) elements in the 5' end of the transcript, through binding of a...

Revealing the machinery underlying the 'plastic' juvenile brain

...al rewiring. The researchers concluded that the mechanism they discovered "might be important for plasticity in the visual cortex during the critical period, and its downregulation could be involved in the closure of the critical period." They wrote that "Thus, multiple molecular mechanisms acting at diff...

Biodegradable microspheres deliver time release vaccines, stimulate different immune response

...ooping cough and chicken pox. "The slow release mechanism of the polymers means that vaccines that currently require multiple doses might need only need a single dose in the future," says Wilson-Welder. Secondly, the finding that vaccine adjuvants can elicit a CMI provides hope for vaccines against intr...

Discovery of 'master switch' for the communication process between chloroplast and nuclei of plants

...he environment," he said. "So this is a very basic mechanism of communication between the chloroplast and the nucleus. It had been previously suggested that the elements in this process go through multiple pathways. This work shows that the elements actually go through this one particular route. "Now we are ...

UCLA study uncovers clues for why Graves' disease attacks the eyes

...ng normal cell death. The team suspects that this mechanism prolongs the survival of older T-cells, causing a cascade of autoimmune problems that spur the body to attack its own tissue. "We think that the extra receptors allow the new antibody and IGF-1 to disrupt the programming of the T-cells," said prin...

Rare cell prevents rampant brain activity

... at Karolinska Institutet have now uncovered a new mechanism controlling how the brain keeps its neuronal activ...ind Institute in Switzerland have now discovered a mechanism that might explain how the most common type of neuron in the cerebral cortex ?the pyramid cell ?is p...

Researchers find link between food odors and lifespan in fruit flies

...can increase the lifespan of many species, but the mechanism that causes this is not understood. Short-lived or...del organisms to try to figure out what the actual mechanism is, and then you can try to apply it to people," he said. "The pharmaceutical companies would like t...

Tundra disappearing at rapid rate

... per cent—on cooler, north-facing slopes. "The mechanism of change appears to be associated with occasional years of extraordinarily high seed production—triggered by hot, dry summers—followed by successive years of warm temperatures favourable for seedling growth and survival," said Danby. Widespread ...

Stanford-led study closes in on genes that may predispose some people to severe depression

...gene is it, what it does in the brain and by what mechanism it could make one more or less predisposed to depression." Knowing more about which genes are the major factors causing a predisposition for depression would also help researchers sort out the environmental factors that contribute to depressi...

NIH researchers discover protein that appears to regulate bone mass loss, the cause of osteoporosis

... risk of hip, spine and wrist fractures. The basic mechanism behind osteoporosis involves an imbalance between bone mineral formation and loss, but the detailed biological processes that lead to this imbalance are not completely understood. Now researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Di...

Mechanism of nicotine's learning effects explored

... has been that little was known about the detailed mechanism by which nicotine exerts its learning-enhancing effects. Now, researchers have discovered important details of how nicotine adjusts the signaling properties of neuronal wiring to enhance memory. Such signaling properties include the strength of th...

Researchers from the University of Navarra analyze new kinds of cancer-fighting antibodies

...nst cancer. This has the advantage of exploiting a mechanism with an action distinct from the other strategies currently being used to treat cancer, and is capable of interacting with the current treatments so as to make both forms of treatment more powerful. Currently this treatment is being tested in pat...

Scientists identify molecular cause for one form of deafness

...for one form of deafness, and we have identified a mechanism to potentially 'rescue' this particular kind of pathology," Wong said. "Even so, this is really the first step. This work has relevance to not just human hearing, but also to artificial sensors." ...

Scientists find genes involved in the battle between Hessian flies and wheat

...of the paper. The toxic oxygen compound defense mechanism in resistant plants stresses the larvae, which then fight back, he said. This is confirmed by the Hessian fly larvae's increased production of enzymes triggered by their antioxidant genes in order to detoxify wheat anti-insect poisons. "Hessian fl...

The penalty of having a sister -- why sibling sex matters for male saiga antelopes

...at although they do not yet understand the precise mechanism behind this suboptimal development in male twins, its existence is clear. "When siblings in a litter vary in sex, maternal investment should be sex-specific, meaning that the male foetus grows bigger than the female. However, it seems there are limit...

UCSD researchers discover variants of natural tumor suppressor

... or elevated, in most cancers and PHLPP provides a mechanism to reverse this activation. ...

How appetite-stimulating brain cells work overtime during fasting

...them ready to eat when food is introduced." The mechanism involved is very similar to the one that regulates...od deprivation. "Our results indicate that this mechanism is critical in sustaining an increased firing rate in these [hunger-stimulating] cells so that appet...

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