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Tag: "mechanism" at biology news

'Smart' mice teach scientists about learning process, brain disorders

...of the journal Nature Neuroscience , reveal a new mechanism of learning in the brain, which might serve in humans as a target for treating disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, Alzheimer’s disease or drug addiction, the researchers said. "It’s pretty rare that you make mice ‘smarter,’ so there ...

Cytomegalovirus exacerbates atherosclerosis through an autoimmune mechanism

...esions typical of the atherosclerotic process. The mechanism involved in the vascular lesion is of autoimmune o...ls) and to cause their death (apoptosis) through a mechanism called "molecular mimicry." Using a biocomputational technique, the new study shows that the same...

For many insects, winter survival is in the genes

...ibution somehow," Denlinger said. "This protective mechanism is much more complex than we envisioned." ...

Detecting cold, feeling pain: Study reveals why menthol feels fresh

...e sensation. But in so doing it also illuminates a mechanism that mediates how the body experiences intense sti...D, also of UCSF, is a pioneer of research into the mechanism of chronic pain within the central nervous system. The Julius team's complementary work is focus...

Technique monitors thousands of molecules simultaneously

...eptors bind small molecules through a lock and key mechanism where the molecule is the key and the receptor the lock. The nature and shape of molecules that serve as keys tells about the binding requirements of the receptor. Traditionally, probing a receptor this way has been done by making a library of molecu...

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

...ains active. Scientists have long puzzled over the mechanism used to keep this small region of the genome going...t The Wistar Institute have discovered a molecular mechanism that keeps HSV-1 activation restricted to a single gene for months or even years. The researchers ha...

pHLIP, a novel technology to locate and treat tumors

...c as a result of the way they grow. “Since the mechanism is general, and since even very small tumors can be targeted, there is an exciting array of possible applications for pHLIP,?said Donald Engelman , Eugene Higgins Professor of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry at Yale and a co-author of the ...

Scientists discover rare 'gene-for-gene' interaction that helps bacteria kill their host

... to humans and can be used as a biological control mechanism to replace pesticide use. The researchers, from the universities of Bath, Bristol and Exeter, all in the UK, used the large caterpillar Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) to study the bacteria's so-called virulence genes. "The beauty of this res...

Scientists: As rainfall changes, tropical plants may acclimate

...se, we only studied one group of organisms and one mechanism in this study" and plants depend on many different mechanisms to coexist, some of which may also change with changing rainfall. The scientists researched plant growth at six sites on the slopes of Mount Haleakala, a volcano on the island of Maui. ...

Gene mutation linked to cognition is found only in humans

.... The study, which also demonstrated the molecular mechanism that creates this novel protein, will be published online in Human Mutation, the official journal of the Human Genome Variation Society. The journal is available online via Wiley InterScience at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/humanmutatio...

Survival of the rarest: Fruit flies shed light on the evolution of behavior

...sitters. The researchers explored the evolutionary mechanism that favours the persistence of both of these types in nature. Doctoral student Mark Fitzpatrick raised colonies of flies with different ratios of rovers to sitters and different concentrations of nutrients in their food, and assessed their fitnes...

Baumann Lab defines proteins that distinguish chromosome ends from DNA double-strand breaks

...proteins, we have opened the door to elucidate the mechanism by which RAP1/TRF2 inhibits double-strand break re...It is, therefore, very important to understand the mechanism of chromosome end protection and how and why it fails during tumorigenesis." ...

Dealing deadly cancers a knockout punch

... killing. It is through this second "inflammatory" mechanism that researchers hope Reolysin will bring about lo...se model. The investigators intend to explore the mechanism of this promising synergistic action in further detail in future preclinical work. Another presen...

Slowing the racing heart

...dentification of this previously unknown molecular mechanism for slowing the heartbeat may offer new avenues of diagnosis, drug design and treatment of many common heart diseases," said Solaro. "Further, now that we know something of how this enzyme works in the pacemaker cell, we may discover it is involve...

Effect on breast tumors of DNA alternations in 3 genes described

...ntil now, data has been very limited regarding the mechanism and causes of hypermethylation, especially for hypermethylation in breast cancer. The purpose of the current study was to determine how DNA hypermethylation relates to other characteristics of breast tumors. "It is well known that mutation in gen...

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...oking at their formation," he says. "Somehow that mechanism is causing holes [in pancreas cells], which cause disease." To break down this dynamic process, he adds, "We need tools that not only allow us to probe the molecular structures, but also look at how the structures change in time." Zanni's research...

Implanting dopamine generators in brain cells obtains improvement in Parkinson's in monkeys

...t a year. The research team concluded that the mechanism by which the implants in the striate area of the brain of dopamine-generating cells manage to ameliorate Parkinson's appears to be related to the capacity of these cells to release substances (trophic factors) that induce an increase of the dopaminer...

Do fruit flies have free will?

...hara said. "The results of our analysis indicate a mechanism which might be common to many other animals and could form the biological foundation for what we experience as free will". Our subjective notion of "Free Will" is an oxymoron: the term 'will' would not apply if our actions were completely random a...

Genome of yellow fever/dengue fever mosquito sequenced

...uitoes, the TEs become a tool to study the genetic mechanism of mosquito-virus interaction, to help us understand mosquito biology and reveal new ways to interfere with disease transmission," Tu said. According to the article in Science Express, the general failure to date of conventional disease prevention...

Gene thought to assist chemo may help cancer thrive

...ing chemo patients because it turns on the killing mechanism for the cells that were damaged by chemo. But McDonald points out that p53 can also help repair damaged cells. If p53 is repairing cancer cells, that may lead to cancer recurrence. "We think p53 may actually help some cancer cells make a comeback...

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