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Tag: "mechanism" at biology news

Therapeutic role found for carbon monoxide

...ing that studies are now underway to determine the mechanism by which CO exposure leads to the increase in NO generation. "Our hope is that CO will find a place in the clinic as a therapeutic option for the treatment of disease," concludes Otterbein. "CO has been around since before life began on earth and, i...

Cigarette smoking impedes tendon-to-bone healing

...o look much more closely to learn exactly what the mechanism is, but blood supply is a potential culprit," she says. "Nicotine and cigarette smoking inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, and basically, all healing and all repair processes are aided by the formation of new blood vessels that bring in new ...

Autoimmune disease triggered if T cells miss a single protein early on

...ntigen can trigger disease," he added. A similar mechanism may be at play involving other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, Anderson said. Immunologists have demonstrated that insulin is expressed in the thymus ?not just in the pancreas. Studies have shown that people who are protected from diab...

Emotional control circuit of brain's fear response discovered

...e realized that the brain must employ a processing mechanism to prioritize and refine responses –we don't run a...mygdala or a disturbed functioning of rACC control mechanism and treatment could be based on the individual's specific problem." The research team that worked ...

A wolf in sheep's clothing: Plague bacteria reveal one of their virulence tricks

... exactly how YpkA does this, proving the protein's mechanism from the atomic to the organismal level and providing a potential target for new antibiotic drugs. C. Erec Stebbins, associate professor and head of the Laboratory of Structural Microbiology, and graduate student Gerd Prehna solved the structure for...

Enzyme shreds Alzheimer's protein

... Cathepsin B (CatB), is a key part of a protective mechanism that may fail in some forms of AD. Also, they said...s, upregulation of CatB may represent a protective mechanism that fails with aging," wrote the researchers, and such failure may play a role in late-onset sporad...

Researchers discover new gene responsible for brittle bone disease

..."The study is important because it clarifies a new mechanism by which the OI can occur and makes possible new tests to identify affected children and provide them with added medical support," Boyce said. "There may be up to 15 percent of children with Brittle Bone Disease who have mutations related to the new ...

Gene therapy research switches off joint inflammation; switches on genetic process of joint repair

...obrowski said, "We believe that Reparagen’s unique mechanism of action and its NIH innovation Award makes it the alternative to glucosamine or chondroitin that consumers can trust and try". Coauthor Paul Bobrowski emphasized that "If joints are like a brick wall made from bricks of glucosamine, and then it ...

New target for cancer therapy identified

...te Professor Liu said. "This reveals an important mechanism for developing anti-cancer agents that mimic these proteins and thereby inhibit the production of telomerase. " ...

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

...seases caused by defective DNA repair—an important mechanism by which skin and other cell types normally cut out, or excise, damage to their DNA caused by UV light. Defects in one DNA repair mechanism, nucleotide excision repair (NER), causes xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare disease in which people have a 2,000-f...

A new understanding of how cells defend themselves against bacterial pore-forming toxins

...ll death. "We don't yet know the details of the mechanism by which lipid metabolism leads to cell survival," she says. The lipids are probably used to repair the cell membrane, stopping the potassium leak, which itself can kill the cell, and also protecting the cell from additional toxic substances lurking ...

Singing for survival

...ght that sexual selection is the main evolutionary mechanism for the evolution of gibbon song. The researchers concluded, "Vocal behaviour appears to function as a powerful tool to deal with immense sexual competition under which these primates operate, and it may not be surprising that they have evolved unu...

Circadian gene helps the brain predict mealtime

...of a food-entrainable mechanism--that is, a timing mechanism within the body that is set by food intake--but how this mechanism works at the molecular level is unknown. In the new work, the researchers have found the first ev...

Squid skin reveals hidden messages

..." she adds. Mäthger and Hanlon maintain that the mechanism behind the transmission of polarized light through squid pigment cells warrants further study. Likewise, investigation of this masked polarization signaling system in squid and other cephalopods in natural environments would provide insight into anim...

Different strategies underlie the ecology of microbial invasions

... viruses, known as phages). Focusing on the second mechanism in an experimental setting, the researchers showed that even though some of the invading bacteria can be killed by their own phage parasites, upon their death they release a burst of infectious parasites that can kill competitor bacteria. Unlike chem...

Cloning techniques produce FDA-approved antibiotic

...sence of additional genes that result in a revised mechanism is crucial for successful fosfomycin biosynthesis....

Most widely used organic pesticide requires help to kill

...The take-home message is that we've shown that the mechanism of killing for Bacillus thuringiensis is facilitat... and the lead author of the PNAS study. "This is a mechanism that was not previously known." First discovered in 1911, Bacillus thuringiensis was developed as ...

A human taste for rarity spells disaster for endangered species

...e human penchant for rarity--reveals an unexpected mechanism of exploitation, with alarming implications for species survival. Franck Courchamp, Elena Angulo, and their colleagues incorporated the assumption that rarity increases a species' value into a classic model of resource exploitation used to manage fi...

New path from estrogen to survival in breast cancer cells described

...different fields of research to work out the basic mechanism by which estrogen can exert a pro-life effect on cancer cells," said the study's lead author, Edward T. H. Yeh, M.D., professor and chair of The University of Texas M. D. Anderson's Department of Cardiology. Along the way, the researchers have prov...

UGA scientists unravel 'molecular inch-worm' structure of walking-pneumonia bacterium

...nce to respiratory tissues and a little-understood mechanism of propulsion called "gliding motility." Bacteria can move in a variety of ways, including the use of flagella to "swim." But since M. pneumoniae lack flagella, they "glide," a method of movement that has been known for some time yet never entirely...

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