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Tag: "materials" at biology news

Life in the extreme

...compounds produced by the decomposition of organic materials or by inorganic chemical reactions which occur at high temperatures and pressures. Near cold seeps in the Eastern Mediterranean, Sébastien Duperron from Université Pierre et Marie Curie in France has found unique bacterial symbiosis with mussels....

Researchers to develop active nanoscale surfaces for biological separations

...The nanoscale surfaces are also dynamic, while the materials in use today cannot be altered once they have been made. In the more distant future, the surfaces could even be used as biosensors or to deliver DNA molecules for gene therapy applications, Kane said. ...

Hopkins researchers discover how brain protein might control memory

...nd hooked two known to be involved in transporting materials into and out of cells. "Moving things in and out of cells is critical for normal brain cell function. We were extremely excited that Arc might somehow be involved in this transport because it links transport to memory formation," says Worley. "Thi...

Neural networking nanotubes

...ight one day be possible thanks to developments in materials science. Writing today in Advanced Materials, Nich... nanotubes (SWNTs) with a view to developing these materials as biologically compatible components of medical devices, sensors, and prosthetics. SWNTs are formed...

Carnegie Mellon scientists use 'green' approach to transform plastics manufacturing

...the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) devoted to materials science. This edition will be published Oct. 17. ...he new "green" version of ATRP will allow existing materials to be made more efficiently, reducing industrial purification costs before and after running a react...

MIT material stops bleeding in seconds

...like some methods now used for hemostasis, the new materials can be used in a wet environment. And unlike some other agents, it does not induce an immune response in the animals being treated. When the solution containing the peptides is applied to bleeding wounds, the peptides self-assemble into a gel that ...

Ancient ape ruled out of man's ancestral line

...iched between stalagmite layers which provided the materials for the dating process. Australopithecus walked on two legs, but stood just 130cm tall and had a brain comparable in size with a modern chimpanzee. As Dr Walker explained: “In many of these finds, the smallest bones have disintegrated, but here th...

Artificial cornea offers better results for infants, some blind patients

..." Aquavella said. "Now, because of improvements in materials and in surgical technique, this should be the first choice for some patients." ...

Key to lung cancer chemo resistance revealed

...igarette smoke and diesel exhaust by absorbing the materials and pumping them out of the cell. Another gene called KEAP1 encodes products that stop this cleansing process. But lung cancer cells sabotage the expression of these same genes to block assault from chemotherapy drugs. "What we're seeing is that...

Developing uses for sugar-cane bagasse: Biotechnology applied to the paper industry

...cess can be adapted to the processing of other raw materials (wood, cereals). Investigation of the use of methanol as laccase inducer can, similarly, be envisaged as a way of recycling this compound, which constitutes one of the main pollutants emitted by the paper industry. ...

Nanoparticle assembly enters the fast lane

...st who leads the research team. "Using biological materials such as DNA, we are developing approaches to control the assembly of inorganic nano-objects. However, in order to really turn this attractive approach into nanotechnology, we have to understand the complexity of interaction in such hybrid systems." ...

An artificial cornea is in sight, thanks to biomimetic hydrogels

... and a professor, by courtesy, of chemistry and of materials science and engineering. "It's a strong, stretchy material." That makes it able to survive suturing during surgery. The biocompatible hydrogel is transparent and permeable to nutrients, including glucose, the cornea's favorite food. Collaborators o...

Electric jolt triggers release of biomolecules, nanoparticles

... by Peter C. Searson, a Johns Hopkins professor of materials science and engineering, during the 232nd national meeting of the American Chemical Society in San Francisco. "You can think of the useful biomolecule or nanoparticle as a balloon tethered to a surface," he said. "We use an electrical pulse to cut th...

Researchers make nanosheets that mimic protein formation

...articles, and this is very exciting for assembling materials from the bottom up for a whole slew of application...ron Glotzer, professor of chemical engineering and materials science and engineering. Glotzer and Nicholas Kotov, associate professor of chemical engineering,...

The first tree genome is published: Poplar holds promise as renewable bioenergy resource

...hemicellulose constitute the most abundant organic materials on earth, which by enzymatic action, can be broken down into sugars that in turn can be fermented into alcohol and distilled to yield fuel-quality ethanol and other liquid fuels. Poplar is the most complex genome to be sequenced and assembled by a...

Researchers image molecular motor structural changes

... light on how tiny molecular motors that transport materials within cells generate the energy that powers their movements. The knowledge could lead to better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of a range of human disorders such as Down syndrome caused by faulty molecular motors, and possibly to the de...

Experimental vaccine protects mice against deadly 1918 flu virus

...scientists study contagious and potentially deadly materials under high-level safety and contamination precautions designed to protect the researchers and prevent microorganisms from entering the environment. "Understanding why this influenza virus was so deadly is an extremely important question," says NIA...

Microcapsules like it hot and salty

...d in the first example above. "By combining simple materials available in any kitchen, we can vary the properties of the wall of the microtransport system in any way we wish," said Karen Kohler, a scientist working on this project at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam. The scope for...

Recycled paper and compost could both be key tools to control plant disease

...waste product, they have no other value. Obviously materials that are going to replace peat have to be very cheap or waste by-products. So, paper wastes fit this bill in terms of being cheap and they also hold a lot of water, which is what you need for plant growth". The suppression of plant diseases was pa...

Finding the right mix: A biomaterial blend library

... degradable biomaterials under investigation. Such materials provide a temporary scaffold for cells to grow and tissue to regenerate. In a 2006 study* presented at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society in September, the researchers analyzed how two types of model cells--immune cells known as ma...

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