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Tag: "mass" at biology news

A catalogue of proteins

...e researchers looked at liver cells in mice. Using mass spectrometry, and by comparing databases, the scientists were able to detect more than 1400 proteins, localised in ten different cell compartments. Previous analyses had shown that certain proteins assign themselves clearly to particular cell organel...

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing tool updated

...l for cancer. "With mitochondrial DNA, there is a mass advantage," said Dr. Anirban Maitra, an author on this month's paper whose research is supported by the NIH's National Cancer Institute. "Whereas nuclear DNA contains just two copies of every gene, there are literally hundreds of mitochondria in mos...

Production of key Alzheimer's protein monitored for first time in humans

... from the samples and then use a device known as a mass spectrometer to determine how much of the Abeta includes carbon-13-labeled leucine. Tracking the rise of the percentage of Abeta with labeled leucine over time gives scientists the subject's Abeta production rate. When the percentage of Abeta conta...

Research identifies protein in mice that regulates bone formation

...sis, a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density and which makes people more susceptibl... (Shn3), in mice led to profound increases in bone mass throughout their skeletal system. The results may have implications for the treatment of osteoporosi...

Insect predation sheds light on food web recovery after the dinosaur extinction

... recovery of biodiversity after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction was much more chaotic than previously t...iven us new ideas about how food webs recover from mass extinction," he added. The researchers include Wilf; Conrad C. Labandeira, curator, fossil arthro...

UCLA scientists strengthen case for life more than 3.8 billion years ago

... sample its own ions, which are then analyzed in a mass spectrometer. Scientists can aim the beam of ions at specific microscopic areas of a sample and analyze them. While critics noted there are ways to make light carbon in the absence of life, Harrison considers those possibilities to be "extremely un...

New strategy rapidly identifies cancer targets

... carrying extra phosphates and sent them through a mass spectrometer, which precisely measured the weight of each peptide. Sophisticated software then sifted through a massive protein database at the National Library of Medicine, identifying each of the team's peptides as a segment of a specific protein. ...

Sleep deprivation doubles risks of obesity in both children and adults

...ose who sleep less have a greater increase in body mass index and waist circumference over time and a greater chance of becoming obese over time. Professor Cappuccio says: "The 'epidemic' of obesity is paralleled by a 'silent epidemic' of reduced sleep duration with short sleep duration linked to incr...

One therapeutic dose of radiation causes 30 percent spongy bone loss in mice

...ure by 200%, he said. Astronauts lose 2% of bone mass for each month they are exposed to the effects of microgravity. So far, astronauts have not been exposed to the increased radiation of outer space, but that will change when they undertake a proposed 30-month trip to Mars, Bateman said. NASA has focu...

UCLA study of community health project shows how group dynamics affect fitness, eating habits

... vegetable intake increased significantly and body mass index decreased marginally with the 12-week program, with no significant changes in these measures in the six-week group. The number of days in which individuals participated in vigorous physical activity increased significantly among six-week par...

Researchers appeal for new regulations to save coral reefs from live fish trade

...ology, University of Cambridge. By analysing the mass of live fish imported into Hong Kong from various source nations across the Indo-Pacific region, Dr. Andrea Manica and his team from the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge have tracked the fisheries trade radiating out from Hong Kong, the...

Precision biochemistry tracks DNA damage in fish

... using liquid and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC/MS,GC/MS). Precision chemical analysis techniques at NIST allowed the researchers to identify and measure damage to adenine and guanine, specific chemical components or bases of DNA, at extraordinarily low levels--five lesions out of...

Joslin discovers signs of residual islet cell function in people with long-term type 1 diabetes

...e islets, another sign that some islet function or mass still is present. The significance of these findin...rameters, such as cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index and daily insulin dose. The data shows no significant difference in clinical parameters for pa...

Reversing 'hibernating' heart muscle focus of UB researchers

...state-of-the art proteomic research facilities and mass spectrometry at UB. "By using therapies similar to those that are used clinically in patients, such as angioplasty and adenoviral gene transfer to over-express growth factors in the heart, we can identify how changes in the molecular pathways resp...

Report warns about carbon dioxide threats to marine life

...me time that they are being hit by warming-induced mass bleaching events," Langdon says. Mass bleaching occurs when unusually warm temperatures cause the coral to expel the colorful microscopic algae that provide the coral polyps with food. Many calcifying organisms--including marine plankton such as pte...

Higher levels of obesity associated with greater health risks

...iagnosis and treatment are typically based on body mass index (BMI) of at least 30. BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. However, three categories of obesity are defined: obesity 1 (30-34.9); obesity 2 (35-39.9); and extreme obesity (40 and greater). (A 5'4" person...

New method confirms importance of fungi in Arctic nitrogen cycle

...e in the plants and enriched in the fungi. Using a mass balance approach, an accounting of material entering and leaving a system, the researchers quantified the transfer of nitrogen and found that 61-86% of the nitrogen in plants at the site entered through fungal symbionts, "Previous studies at this Ar...

Nanosecond-scale release of stinging jellyfish nematocysts

...esearchers calculate that although the accelerated mass is very small (~1 nanogram), a pressure generated at the site of impact is more than 7 GPa, which is in the range of that generated by some bullets, and sufficient to penetrate the cuticle of crustacean prey. The researchers propose that the high spe...

Scientists discover new regulating mechanism in cells

...pens. For this study, the researchers first used mass spectroscopy to identify the cell protein and learned that the protein was RHA. Then the researchers knocked out the RHA protein and learned that the retrovirus stopped making several vital proteins. "That suggests that the retrovirus needs RHA t...

Researchers find protein that silences genes

...m several different histones. A collaboration with mass spectrometry expert Michael Gross, Ph.D., Washington University professor of chemistry, helped define the precise locations of the acetyl groups that HDA6 can remove, down to which acetylated amino acids are involved. "The bottom line is that HDA6...

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