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Tag: "machinery" at biology news

U of S Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization team discovers key step in flu virus replication

... virus hijacks the host animal or human's cellular machinery and forces it to make more copies of the virus. The researchers believe that the cellular events involved in this process are an excellent target for interventions against influenza. The study revealed novel characteristics of a protein, called N...

'Tribbles' protein implicated in common and aggressive form of leukemia

... the notion that targeting the protein degradation machinery will be a useful strategy in treating malignancy." ...

Newly discovered behavior in cancer cells signals dangerous metastasis

... the gene produces. In cancer cells, the splicing machinery goes awry -- as do myriad functions within the cells. When the splicing process proceeds one way, the cells become mesenchymal. Spliced another way, the cells turn epithelial. To determine which way a cancer cell would turn, the scientists construct...

Critical hearing gene helps send auditory messages to brain

...e Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. The sensory machinery within the inner ear is particularly intriguing, she added, "in the sense that it operates with extreme temporal precision." In mammals, the hearing organ, or cochlea, is a snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that is filled with a watery fluid....

Restoring tamoxifen sensitivity in resistant breast cancer cells

...r between the estrogen receptor and the biological machinery that stimulates cell division. By coincidence, these changes also restore the estrogen receptor to a form that makes it vulnerable once again to tamoxifen," said Li Hua Wang, Ph.D., lead author of the study. Some, but not all, breast cancer cells h...

Scientists solve 30-year-old mystery of mutant mouse's kidney woes

...ution pattern for the protein. Chen compares the machinery that transfers water from the kidney to a plumbing system. With aqp2 unable to reabsorb water, he says, that results in up to 30 times more urine being dumped into the downstream pipes. "Eventually, you overwhelm the plumbing system, and it gets ba...

How nature tinkers with the cellular clock

...yers adjusts when key components of the cell cycle machinery are produced, activated and degraded to make sure ...e cell cycle is so fundamental for a cell that its machinery has been almost entirely conserved through evolution. Crucial components are made only at specific t...

New mechanism explains glucose effect on wakefulness

...the body's basic survival mechanisms is the neural machinery that triggers the hungry brain to the alertness needed for seeking food. That same machinery swings the other way after a hearty meal, as exemplified by the long and honored custom of the siest...

Scientists discover new regulating mechanism in cells

...her location, the cell cytoplasm. Last, other cell machinery translates the message and assembles the protein. The findings by Boris-Lawrie and her collaborators show that RHA can play an important role in determining whether the last step of this process ?translating the message and making the protein ?actu...

Loosen up, DNA: Leukemia gene changes genetic packaging

... all our DNA is equally accessible to the cellular machinery that turns genes on or off, and only some genes are active in any given cell at any one time. How our body regulates access to our genes and makes stretches of DNA available is a booming area of study for scientists who study "chromatin remodeling...

Dissecting the machinery of nicotine's reward

...And that understanding involves tracing the neural machinery by which nicotine switches on the brain's reward machinery. In an article in the June 15, 2006, Neuron, Jean-Pierre Changeux of CNRS, Collège de France, and Institut Pasteur and Philippe Faure of Institut Pasteur and CNRS and colleagues revealed key...

Even when faint, ovary scent draws sperm cells

... Indiana University Bloomington report biochemical machinery that allows mouse sperm cells to follow the weakest of scents. Even when ovary extracts were diluted 100,000 times, some sperm cells still found their mark. A video demonstrating sperm chemotaxis (oriented motion in response to a chemical gradient) ...

Molecular DNA switch found to be the same for all life

The molecular machinery that starts the process by which a biological cell...of California at Berkeley have shown that the core machinery for initiating DNA replication is the same for all three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria and Euk...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...hat codes for part of the cell's protein synthesis machinery -- an enzyme called alanyl tRNA synthetase. This enzyme is responsible for loading, or "charging" the amino acid alanine onto transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Transfer RNAs transport individual amino acids to the cell's protein synthesis machinery, where they ...

When the going gets tough, slime molds start synthesizing

...s what we do. Biochemically we have identified the machinery that makes the essential precursor for the bioacti...molecules play in nature and how does the cellular machinery used to make them evolve over millions of years to provide new ways for the host organisms to surviv...

Cigarette smoke blocks cell repair mechanism, University of Florida study shows

... of the UF Shands Cancer Center. "Its DNA repair machinery can be enhanced and it can fix the damaged DNA and restore genomic stability, or if the DNA repair machinery becomes compromised within the cell, then it can lead to an accumulation of mutations because the DN...

Johns hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health

...ding linking both gene usage and energy management machinery is "like finding out that an enzyme that breaks down food in the stomach also helps you remember telephone numbers or that preventing such digestion makes you forget them," Boeke added. The research, to be published in the July 21 issue of Molecula...

Parkinson's disease mechanism discovered

...vealed that an important early defect affected the machinery that transports proteins between two major cellula...suppress alpha-synuclein toxicity by enhancing the machinery of ER-to-Golgi transport. Thus, she said, they have already conducted a screen of 150,000 compounds ...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

...ves stepping up production of osteoclasts, putting machinery that normally operates at a leisurely pace into high gear. The osteoclasts not only clear away bone, they also break up 'nurturing' substances in the niche that attract and hold the stem cells to that spot, thus allowing more stem cells into the bloo...

Key stress protein linked to toxicities responsible for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's

...a link between protein misfolding due to enzymatic machinery malfunction found in a number of degenerative diseases and free radical stress in nerve cells," said Stuart A. Lipton, M.D., Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Del E. Webb Center for Neurosciences and Aging at the Burnham Institute and senior autho...

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