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Tag: "liver" at biology news

ABCB6 is key to production of heme in hemoglobin

...the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen, of liver cells to break down toxins, and of cells to extrac... hemoglobin, as well as a critical part of certain liver enzymes that break down toxins, and so-called "respiratory chain" enzymes in mitochondria that use o...

3-D ultrasound scanner could guide robotic surgeries

...opically image other organs, including the spleen, liver and gall bladder. In the current study, the researchers used the scanner to identify coordinates denoting the precise location of an artificial lesion inside a type of artificial organ, or "phantom," commonly used for testing imaging technologies. ...

Gene transfer using mutant form of good cholesterol cuts vascular plaque and inflammation

...he macrophages in the plaque and deliver it to the liver for elimination," Shah said. "We used three methods in our experiment and all three methods demonstrated that macrophages containing the apo A-I Milano gene were more effective in effluxing cholesterol out of them, compared to those carrying the wild...

Herbal medicine silymarin may help sugar-control in people with type II diabetes

...avolignans which are also used to help protect the liver from poisoning. "We don't know the exact mechanism of action for this effect, but this work shows that silymarin could play an important role in treating type II diabetes," says lead author Fallah Huseini, who works at the Institute of Medicinal P...

Eat less, weigh more? Enzyme makes lean mice 'susceptible' to dietary fat

...ute for Basic Biomedical Sciences at Hopkins. "The liver sure isn't going to tell you, it just keeps storin...Lane. Increasing the amount of malonyl-CoA in the liver causes those cells to synthesize fat, which is stored. Increasing malonyl-CoA in the hypothalamus s...

Study shows interruption of antiretroviral therapy increases risk of disease and death

...n associated in other studies with such events and liver and kidney complications have been linked to such treatment." According to Dr. El-Sadr, "Our findings provide clear and compelling evidence that the episodic antiretroviral strategy, guided by the CD4+ count, should not be recommended." Dr. El-Sad...

What animals can tell us about hemorrhage, organ transplants and aging

... change with the seasons, Carey said. The animal's liver and heart remain viable outside the body for much longer during the hibernation season and the squirrel can tolerate a much greater loss of blood during this time. And Carey has found that this is true even when the hibernating squirrel briefly arous...

Pure carbon nanotubes pass first in vivo test

...author Bruce Weisman, professor of chemistry. "The liver naturally removes drugs or compounds from the blood, so this is what we expected to find." The study, which tracked where the nanotubes went within 24 hours of being injected, also revealed trace amounts of nanotubes in the kidneys ?another common...

How does a zebrafish grow a new tail?

...ents, skeletal muscles and skin. We can regenerate liver tissue and repair minor injuries to bone, muscle, the tips of our toes and fingers, and the corneas of our eyes. Finding out more about the remarkable ability of amphibians and fish to re-grow complex parts might provide the information necessary to ...

Molecular 'on/off switch' controls immune defenses against viruses

...and is the nation's leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In 2005 Dr. Gale and his team completed several breakthrough studies on hepatitis C, discovering that the RIG-I protein binds to viral genetic material. Then, RIG-I changes its shape and sends signals to other proteins that spur productio...

Long-term cancer risk follows stem cell transplant recipients

...verse effects, such as mucostitis, infections, and liver vascular obstruction as well as the potential long-term complication of developing of a second, usually solid cancer. To estimate the risk and identify risk factors associated with this outcome, Genevieve Gallagher, M.D. and Donna L. Forrest, M.D....

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

... of all of the genes (approximately 30,000) in the liver of 15-day-old mice that had been generated in the laboratory to harbor a defect in their XPF-ERCC1 enzyme and that had symptoms of rapidly accelerated aging to the genes expressed by normal mice of the same age. This comparison revealed a profound su...

Malaria vaccine prompts victims' immune system to eliminate parasite from mosquitoes

... cells escape the human immune system by hiding in liver and blood cells, making them difficult to target with a vaccine. During the human phase of the infection, these cells, for the most part, exist in an asexual form. Some of the Plasmodium cells, however, transform into gametocytes—the sexual form...

Researchers examine why food tastes bad to chemotherapy recipients

... "may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney and liver damage," Dietrich explained. Some tests will be done with human volunteers to determine reactions of volatile compounds in the mouth. Since saliva contains proteins and enzymes, it may have some effect in enhancing the metallic flavor. They will al...

Gene therapy for hereditary lung disease advances

... a common hereditary disorder that causes lung and liver disease, has caused no harmful effects in patients...In most people, alpha-1 antitrypsin is made in the liver and protects the lungs by counteracting inflammatory products that destroy lung tissue. But about 10...

Advance helps explain stem cell behavior

...nes on and others off, allowing a cell to become a liver cell, for instance, rather than a brain cell," said Chrissa Kioussi, an OSU assistant professor of pharmacology and co-author on the study. "We were able to use a system of microarray comparisons that monitored the expression of genes and more quickl...

New research to cut animal testing

...ablish new genotoxicity tests using cultured human liver cells. It is hoped the new test will not only reduce the number of compounds that are tested on animals but also ensure harmless chemicals that could prove to be useful new drugs are not falsely labelled as carcinogens. "I don't believe that anim...

Study highlights new and cheaper way to treat heroin addiction

...the real risk of exposure to the potentially fatal liver disease, Hepatitis C. We face an epidemic of Hepatitis C in Scotland, with 40% of young people who have been injecting drugs for more than two years being infected with this serious illness." ...

'GreeneChip' -- New diagnostic tool that rapidly and accurately identifies multiple pathogens

...cute febrile illness that frequently progresses to liver failure, delirium, shock, and hemorrhage. From Oc...a nongovernmental organization had acute fever and liver failure that culminated in death within one week. PCR assays of RNA extracted from blood showed no ...

Science researchers genetically transform immune cells into tumor fighters

...attack more common tumors such as breast, lung and liver cancers. The technique developed by the Science researchers "represents the first time that gene manipulations have been shown to cause tumor regression in humans," Rosenberg says. "This work marks an important next step in harnessing the power o...

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