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Tag: "lipid" at biology news

Study offers innovative profile of enzyme that aids tumor growth

... previously unknown-serves as a key regulator of a lipid signaling network that contributes to cancer," said Benjamin F. Cravatt, a Scripps Research professor and a member of its Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology who led the study. "The heightened expression of KIAA1363 in several cancers indicates tha...

A new understanding of how cells defend themselves against bacterial pore-forming toxins

...lators for membrane synthesis, launching a bout of lipid metabolism. This previously undetected part of the...n't yet know the details of the mechanism by which lipid metabolism leads to cell survival," she says. The lipids are probably used to repair the cell membra...

Jumping gene could provide non-viral alternative for gene therapy

...e retroviruses, transposons have to be coated with lipid to slip into cells. Although piggyBac is not as successful as the virus at integrating into DNA, "we could potentially make a hyperactive version of piggyBac, like they did for Sleeping Beauty, which might be as good or better than retroviruses," ...

With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane

...beled. ''If you want to look at lipids certainly, lipid organization, you need some other way [than dyes],...ience study, Boxer and colleagues made a spherical lipid vesicle to model a cell membrane, placed it on a small silicon wafer to make the lipid bilayer flatt...

Gene linked to rare disease activates fat breakdown

... for fat breakdown, but its involvement in neutral lipid catabolism remained unexplained," Zechner said. "T... in 2001 with the discovery that CGI-58 caused the lipid storage disease CDS in some patients, Zechner said. The symptoms characteristic of the disorder coup...

No cell walls, no new cancer cells

...isrupting the function of SREBP1 might prevent the lipid synthesis required for new cell walls. "In fact, we literally stopped the cell cycle in its tracks by removing SREBP1 from cells. It seems that if you don't have SREBP1 activity, you can't make lipids, and if you don't have lipids, you can't make new...

Gatekeeping: Penn researchers find new way to open ion channels in cell membranes

...The enzyme, sphingomyelinase D (SMase D), splits a lipid called sphingomyelin that surrounds the channel embedded in the cell membrane. As a result, the channel opens to allow the passage of small ions into and out of the cell, thereby generating electrical currents. The new study, published online earl...

Schepens scientists are first to discover angiogenesis switch inside blood vessel cells

...I3K and PLCg) that compete for the use of the same lipid membrane to fulfill opposite missions, growth and ...I3K and PLCg, which then search for their favorite lipid to use in their respective missions. Until the present study, scientists did not know exactly what t...

Fatty spheres loaded with siRNA shrink ovarian cancer tumors in preclinical trial

...vive and spread and rolled it into a liposome -- a lipid ball so small that its dimensions are measured in nanometers (billionths of a meter). Getting the siRNA inside tumor cells is important, Sood said, because the targeted protein, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is inside the cell, rather than on the c...

UT Southwestern researchers find gene mutation that leads to 'broken hearts'

...ding enzymes in a pathway for synthesis of a small lipid caused this broken heart defect in fruit flies. On...es, these enzymes are required to generate a small lipid to modify a signaling protein, which is required for heart formation. The study suggests the involve...

Sandia work launched on space shuttle shows live cells influence growth of nanostructures

... gradient in the local pH. This in turn influences lipid organization and the form of the silica nanostructure, reduces stress, and ultimately improves the living conditions of the ensconced cellular tenants. The work was initially funded by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) of...

A catalogue of proteins

...processes; to the Golgi apparatus, responsible for lipid synthesis and producing important energy reserves for cell growth. Now scientists led by Matthias Mann have specialised in identifying individual proteins in protein complexes. Proteins have various functions in a cell, from transport to mechanical ...

New pathways for autoimmune treatment identified

... one possible way to cure autoimmune disease." A lipid purified from sea plants, called alpha-GalCer, is already under study as a way to boost iNKT cell numbers and fight autoimmune disease as well as cancer. i NKT cells' reactivity to alpha-GalCer, prompted the scientists to use it as a marker to exami...

New potential drug target in tuberculosis

...tion picture of the active site of LipB bound to a lipid inhibitor helped to determine the function of the enzyme. In collaboration with EMBL's Proteomics Core Facility in Heidelberg and researchers from the University of Illinois (USA), the Hamburg group discovered how LipB attaches specific fatty acids o...

Major obesity gene is 'lost in the shuffle'

...l niches. We know that the ASIP protein regulates lipid metabolism in humans, so there is certainly reason to presume that this deletion contributed to the gibbons' remarkably small body mass, enabling them to thrive in the jungle canopy." Ishida points out that future studies of gibbons and other primat...

Salmon go veggie to save wild fish stocks

...ll effects from replacing up to 75% of the dietary lipid (mainly from fish oil) with canola oil. "We are f... canola oil will not only be more sustainable as a lipid source, but also will be consistently more cost effective too". Using canola oil instead of marine ...

How nice, brown rice: Study shows rice bran lowers blood pressure in rats

...that track blood glucose (implicated in diabetes), lipid profile, kidney function and the harmful effects of free radicals. For example, high levels of a marker called 8-OHdG indicate biological stress and genetic damage due to oxygen-based free radicals. The researchers found that rice bran, which contai...

New 'self-exploding' microcapsules could take sting out of drug delivery

...s a biodegradable gel core that is surrounded by a lipid membrane. As the gel biodegrades, pressure builds up in the membrane. Eventually the microcapsule ruptures, releasing the medication. The system, the researchers note, could change how some vaccines are administered. Instead of an initial injection ...

Novel virus entry mechanism could lead to new drugs against poxviruses

...echanism allowing Vaccinia virus to shed its outer lipid membrane and enter cells. The mechanism is unique ...ses, such as influenza, are surrounded by a single lipid membrane, or envelope, and to enter cells this membrane must be removed. Previously, all enveloped v...

Insects and mammals share common fat-building pathway, study suggests

...o somewhere, he said. If fat formation is blocked, lipid deposits may instead build in other parts of the body, such as muscle or liver. "The 'problem' in obesity is energy balance that is out of whack, and not a surfeit of adipocytes (fat cells) per se." Regardless of the study's therapeutic implications...

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