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Tag: "lineage" at biology news

Wild Gorillas Handy with a Stick

...e required for tool use evolved before the gorilla lineage split off from humans and the other great apes—providing further evidence that intelligence is not unique to humans. ...

Scientists narrow the time limits for the human and chimpanzee split

...d infer a divergence of Old World monkeys from our lineage that is too old (50-to-60-million years ago) to reconcile with the current fossil record of primates," says Walker. What then is the next step? Although some additional improvement is possible by including more genes and more species, "the greatest...

Study finds evolution doesn't always favor bigger animals

...er species," said Roy. "The same species, the same lineage got bigger over time." In addition, the biologists discovered that the body size increases in nine species of ostracodes that evolved over that 40 million year span were commensurate with the change expected given how much the ocean temperatures de...

FSU biologist says new dinosaur is oldest cousin of Tyrannosaurus rex

...system, Erickson helped confirm the tyrannosauroid lineage of the two specimens by noting, among other features, the characteristic long hip, the U-shaped teeth and the fused nasal bridge. While they weren't exactly T. rex look-alikes, they were definitely family. But there were marked differences. Among th...

Sociality of sweat bees evolved simultaneously during climate change

...eturn' in social evolution in which members of the lineage are now unable to revert back to a solitary condition. These insects, however, seem to be able to revert fairly easily," he concluded. Halictid bees, which are important native pollinators in the Northern Hemisphere, where there are about 1,000 spec...

Most human-chimp differences due to gene regulation ?not genes

...at changed most dramatically, usually in the human lineage -- an indication of powerful incentives to adapt to a changing environment. Of the 1,056 genes from all four species, 60 percent had fairly consistent expression levels across all four species. "The expression levels of these genes seem to have rema...

Where 'jumping genes' fear to tread

...es, despite the fact that transposons entered each lineage independently, after each species diverged from a common ancestor. It appears that many TFRs are evolutionarily conserved features that existed prior to ?and have been largely maintained since ?the divergence of eutherian mammals and marsupials appr...

Progress being made in exploring potential use of stem cells to treat heart disease

...ly to guide and expand stem cells into the cardiac lineage but also to repress alternative cell fates Developing methods for safe delivery and proper integration of stem cells within patients' heart tissue to avoid such complications as arrhythmias (irregular heart beat) Solving immunological issues surr...

Researchers map out networks that determine cell fate

...atments for leukemias, in which a persistent mixed lineage seems to drive cancerous proliferation. Although ...titute of Technology. "Irreversible resolution of lineage priming appears to be a common feature of blood cell differentiation and may in fact be a general fe...

Researchers identify human DNA on the fast track

...chicken and the chimp. Incredibly, since the human lineage separated from that of the chimp, 18 of the 118 nucleotides have changed. This region "stood out," said Pollard. But what does it do? To find out, Pollard began working with the wet lab, led by Sofie Salama. Haussler established the wet lab followi...

HIV-1's high virulence might be an accident of evolution

...gene function was lost during viral evolution in a lineage that gave rise to HIV-1 and may have predisposed the simian precursor of HIV-1 for greater pathogenicity in humans." "Heightened immune activation is the only clear cut difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic infections with the immunodefi...

Bone marrow may restore cells lost in vision diseases

...lved in the research. "To derive cells of neuronal lineage from cells of bone-marrow lineage is significant, if the finding stands up to the test of time. Compared to RPE transplantation, there...

Evolution reveals an independent route for diversity in animal form

...iverged very early on in animal evolution from the lineage leading to most other animal species. Cnidarians include reef-building polyps and pelagic jellyfish, while the group from which it split--the Bilateria--has given rise to the vast majority of the animals we are familiar with, including worms, fish, m...

Mobile DNA part of evolution's toolbox

... The LF-SINE was very active in the evolutionary lineage leading to the terrestrial vertebrates, but much l...lace before the origins of the mammals. But in the lineage leading to the coelacanth, the LF-SINE remained active, so that the coelacanth genome is now estimat...

Study suggests evolutionary link between diet, brain size in orangutans

...n evolution, where, relative to our ancestors, our lineage underwent a threefold expansion of brain size in a few million years." In their study, Taylor and van Schaik focused on several varieties of orangutans, an endangered primate closely related to humans. Members of the orang species inhabiting Suma...

New data from NIH lab confirms protocol to reverse type 1 diabetes in mice

...ed in the current work. NIH researchers used cell lineage tracking in the form of Y-chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in combination with insulin staining, to follow the fate of male spleen cells transplanted into female recipients. The female mice that received male donor cells consist...

Male chimpanzees prefer mating with old females

...olutionarily derived trait that arose in the human lineage sometime after the lineages giving rise to humans and chimpanzees diverged. ...

Muscle and bone from an ink-jet printer

...on of the MDSCs toward a myogenic or an osteogenic lineage in direct registration to patterns. The proof-of-concept experiment led to the formation of muscle- and bone-like tissues simultaneously in the same culture dish. The long-term promise of this new technology could be the tailoring of tissue-engine...

Lost in the labyrinth

...ed to more basic cell types higher up in the blood lineage hierarchy. Particular kinds of stem cells disappeared from the bone marrow of the mice. Others were too frequent. Bone marrow cells didn't develop into myeloid and red blood cells. B- and T-cells were also blocked at early stages, but in a different ...

Researchers seek to design first treatment for neuroAIDS

...glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3b) and mixed lineage kinase (MLK). "The number of HIV patients that su... a second molecular target, an enzyme called mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) may be "of equal or greater importance" than GSK-3b. HIV exposure throws off the abi...

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