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Tag: "length" at biology news

Animal models show that anabolic steroids flip the adolescent brain's switch for aggression

... dramatically shorten teenage fuses (not known for length under the best of circumstances) and make young people "pop off" for years, a danger to themselves and to others. Melloni and others researchers also are concerned that drug use during a critical window in brain development can change their wiring f...

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...k: miRNAs are usually only 22 or so nucleotides in length ?miniscule in size when compared to their cousins, messenger RNA, which can be several hundred to a thousand times that long. But several years ago, researchers studying roundworms noted that properly functioning miRNA was necessary for normal deve...

Engineers discover why toucan beaks are models of lightweight strength

...lso noted a hollow region extending about half the length of the upper and lower beak. "When we did the calculations, we discovered that there are only very insignificant mechanical stresses in the center of the beak at the position of the hollow areas," said Meyers. "This is why I jokingly tell my students...

Scientists directly view immune cells interacting to avert autoimmunity

...deo microscopy shows that they move about one body length per minute, and that much of the movement is quite directed, for example toward the dendritic cells, rather than random activity. These directed movements are followed by prolonged interaction between autoimmune T cells and dendritic cells that lead ...

ASU researchers 'wire' DNA to identify mutations

...ring SNPs, the group used DNA of 11 or 12 bases in length dissolved in a physiologically relevant saline solution. From one electrode tip, a small current, or bias is used to probe the internal electronic states of DNA. By measuring the conductance, the team was able to understand the sequence information...

Scientists crack code for motor neuron wiring

...ns, which are arrayed along the anterior-posterior length of the spinal cord, form in the initial phases of motor neuron organization. That organization determines whether motor neurons grow to the limbs or to other targets. Creation of antibodies that react with each of the 21 Hox proteins expressed by sp...

Twin molecular scissors link creation of microRNAs with gene-silencing

...mentarity to match the guide miRNA to a particular length of its target messenger RNA, Dicer and TRBP then hand over the messenger RNA for cutting by Argonaute 2. Still holding the guide miRNA, RISC then scouts for additional copies of its target messenger RNA to cut. The cutting destroys the messenger RNA,...

Similar Stem Cells In Insect And Human Gut

...iber bundle, called the spasmoneme, which runs the length of the stalk. At rest, the stalk is elongated like a stretched telephone cord. When it contracts, the spasmoneme winds back in a flash, forming a tight coil. To find out how fast and how hard Vorticella recoils, France and colleagues used modern micr...

Are U.S. Flu Death Figures More PR Than Science?

...iber bundle, called the spasmoneme, which runs the length of the stalk. At rest, the stalk is elongated like a stretched telephone cord. When it contracts, the spasmoneme winds back in a flash, forming a tight coil. To find out how fast and how hard Vorticella recoils, France and colleagues used modern micr...

Nano springs eternal; Protozoan 'engine' posts nano records

...iber bundle, called the spasmoneme, which runs the length of the stalk. At rest, the stalk is elongated like a stretched telephone cord. When it contracts, the spasmoneme winds back in a flash, forming a tight coil. To find out how fast and how hard Vorticella recoils, France and colleagues used modern micr...

One small step means giant leap for spinal cord research

...help patients improve their step frequency, stride length and overall walking speed. "This is a group of patients in which recovery is not expected," says Professor Milos Popovic of the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and the study's senior researcher. "We got them on a treadmill and w...

Discovering the first steps in transcription-coupled repair

...ng the genetic information in the gene to create a length of messenger RNA as it goes. As the RNAPII engine trundles along, enclosing the DNA and the open bubble, it sometimes encounters a damaged nucleotide on the strand it is transcribing -- the sort of damage that might have been inflicted by ultraviole...

Marathon of nano-sprinters

...ls are transmitted from one neuron to another. The length of axons is in the centimeter or even meter range; examples of relatively long axons are those that connect our spinal cord with the tips of our fingers and toes. Within such an axon, microtubules provide the tracks along which molecular motors trans...

'Perception' gene tracked humanity's evolution, scientists say

...nd that in a stretch of DNA about 68 base pairs in length upstream of prodynorphin, 10 percent of the sequence was different between us and chimps." Hahn said this "evolutionary burst" is responsible for differences in gene expression rates. When induced, the human prodynorphin gene was 20 percent more ac...

Scientists map one of biology's critical light-sensing structures

... the light will come from each day and measure the length of daylight so that they flower in the correct season." By deducing the architecture of the phytochrome protein, according to Vierstra and Forest, it may be possible to engineer and introduce into crops phytochromes that respond to different waveleng...

Why Christmas trees are not extinct

... evolved easy-flow valves to make up for the short length of their water pipes or conduits, "it is doubtful they could hold their own with angiosperms [flowering trees] in today's forests. It's doubtful they would dominate whole regions of North America." While scientists cannot really know if conifers mig...

Gene therapy for muscular dystrophy fixes frail muscle cells in animal model, Stanford study finds

... the introduced dystrophin spread along the entire length of the muscle cell, which can be many millimeters ...ed high levels of dystrophin distributed along the length of the cell and the glowing protein stayed within the cell, suggesting that the abundant dystrophin ...

Delaware scientists make significant advance in study of small RNAs

...by small RNAs. Small RNAs are characterized by a length of approximately 21 to 24 nucleotides. The biological activity of small RNAs was first described about 12 years ago, but the most substantial advances in this field have only been made in the last six or seven years. To assist other small RNA resear...

Oil spills and climate change double the mortality rate of British seabirds

...rried out on Skomer Island, Wales, since 1972. The length of the ongoing study has allowed the research team to study the effects of a number of serious winter oil spills on the guillemot population. Their findings show that highly publicised oil spills in southern Europe, such as the Prestige oil tanker di...

A new window into structural plasticity in the adult visual cortex

...re taken over the course of four to ten weeks. The length of dendritic branch tips was measured over time to...thors note, "this branch tip more than doubled its length and exited the imaging volume." One nonpyramidal neuron even showed a few new branch tip additions. ...

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